The CO2-concentration of room air provides an indicator for the air quality in spaces without smokers. A classroom with mechanical ventilation has been evaluated for eighteen months using such a technique. These measurements were made within the framework of the research project Gumpenwiessen. A model to calculate the CO2 concentration as a function of occupancy, activity level of the occupants and air change rate was developed. It was validated using the measurements data.
In order to avoid demage to the health of occupants, annoyance or reduction in amenity and demage to the building fabric the concentration of indoor air pollutants has to be held below pollutant specific levels. One appropriate measure for the control of concentration is ventilation. In several national and international activities in the past, among others in the IEA's Annex IX "Minimum Ventilation Rates" and standardization efforts in Germany and other countries, ventilation rates have been defined which should meet both indoor air quality (iaq) requirements and energy conservation.
This paper describes one of the results of the IEA-annex 8 "Inhabitants behaviour with regard to ventilation". Annex 8 has shown that the occupants can play a rather important role with regard to the ventilation rates inoccupied buildings. This paper gives some practical 'rules of thumb' for estimating air flow rates through open windows. An overview of measured and estimated ventilation rates in houses is given from which a simplified approach is derived that takes into account the air tightness of the building and the behaviour.
A large inquiry campaign began in 1985 on 100 social housing estates and 2,334 families were visited. The housing estates were selected according to their age, location, type of building (dwelling/apartment) and heating system. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the data received concerning window use in order to find the effect of the inhabitants on the ventilation rate. The summertime and wintertime situation was analysed and differences between individual dwellings and apartments were also investigated.
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