There is a resurgence of interest in naturally ventilated offices. Most of the time, cooling the buildings is possible with the opening of windows. Simulations with the softwere TAS were made and showed that window opening allow a sufficient day or night ventilation rate, even if wind characteristics are not favourable. The optimal size, shape and location of the window apertures to reach sufficient ventilation rates has been studied along with the impact of the wind orientation and the building degree of protection on these ventilation rates.
For that study the measurement of parameters in the indoor environment were carried out with a simultaneous survey with questions dealing with elements of the indoor environment, health status and health problems. That study reveals a significant role for the psychological state and psychological factors of the respondents of natural ventilation when sujectively describing the indoor environment.
For that study a mass balanced model is applied to determine area-specific emissions rates in office buildings. Sources of VOCs were identified, put into 3 broad categories and quantified : building materials (23.7 %), ventilation systems (39.0 %) and occupants and their activities (37.3 %) .
The simulation of airflow pattern in an office building in Singapore is based on the environmental conditions and the corresponding ventilation parmeters measured on a typical day. The findings of that study are reported in this paper.
The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of indoor environmental characteristics of hybrid - natural and mechanical - air conditioning systems in office buildings during intermediate seasons. The other objective was to obtain design data.
We describe the results of simple modelling and some laboratory experiments of the natural ventilation flows which can develop in an office building when air is supplied from a central atrium, passes through the floor-space of the building, and then vents through stacks at the perimeter of the building.
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of photocatalytic air cleaning on perceivedair quality. Thirty-eight subjects assessed the air quality in a low-polluting, 108 m3 office, with pollution sources either present or absent behind a partition. The pollution sources were carpet, linoleum and chipboard. The office was ventilated with outdoor air at 0.6, 2.5, and 6 h-1. The air temperature was 22C and the relative humidity 40%.
In order to accurately design and analyze demand controlled volume ventilation systems, theoccupancy level in the room must be known. The occupancy level corresponds to the length of time people occupy a room. Since there is a lack of data for occupancy levels in regards to offices, this study reports on measured occupancy levels for three cell offices in Sweden. The same occupancy sensors were used as those found on the ventilation systems. The results showed that the occupancy level for an office was as low as 11.2%.
How can hybrid ventilation and natural ventilation significantly improve the indoor climate in retrofitted office and education buildings? During the last 5 years hybrid ventilation and natural ventilation have increasingly been utilised in refurbished and retrofitted buildings with great results. Utilising a newly developed system solution concept, it is illustrated how intelligent control of buildings can establish a good indoor climate with satisfied users. This article contains results from 4 building cases including two schools and two office buildings in Denmark and Switzerland.
This paper presents aspects of an office renovation project of the Social Insurance Institute (SII), the largest Social Security Organization in Greece. The project refers to small and larger SII office buildings, including various stages of intervention, ranging from the construction of new buildings, to renovation of existing buildings. Construction and electro-mechanical studies for each building were carried out in order to implement the appropriate and feasible actions.
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