Providing people with a quality indoor environment means full air conditioning with an energy use tag that we would rather not mention in the debate about environmental impact and sustainability. But is this really the case? Is it not possible to design mechanical systems so they use less energy than their naturally ventilated counterparts? The law of conservation of energy means we can use the same energy repeatedly. As long as we are aware of how energy is degraded in quality and temperature terms, we can design systems that repeatedly recover and reuse energy.
The paper describes the characteristics of different types of pollutant sources in the way that they are experienced in a fixed locality in an urban area. The locality in this sense can also be a building or part of a building (a ventilation inlet for example). The most important parameter is the distance of the polluting source and therefore the characteristic features of sources at different distances are discussed.
The paper describes the characteristics of different types of pollutant sources in the way that they are experienced in a fixed locality in an urban area. The locality in this sense can also be a building or part of a building (a ventilation inlet for example). The most important parameter is the distance of the polluting source and therefore the characteristic features of sources at different distances are discussed.
The objective of this one-day seminar was to address the issues of design and provision of low energy ventilation strategies for non-domestic buildings located in urban and city centres where external air and noise pollution may be of prime concern. Current concerns about energy usage and C02 emissions have led to an increasing number of buildings, both new builds and major refurbishments, employing low-energy ventilation strategies such as natural or fan-assisted ventilation.
This paper identifies the significance of pollution at five sites amongst the worst on the British mainland hence indicative of other polluted areas within Europe. Three sites are located in London and one each in Birmingham and Cardiff. The pollutants examined are NO2, SO2, O3 and PM10. Newly proposed DOE figures defining poor air quality have been used to re-examine the frequency of excess pollution episodes between 1992-1995. The results identify the most appropriate periods for natural ventilation of offices in urban areas in terms of the hour in a day and time of year.
The multiple spaces equation of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 makes it possible to bring in a smaller fraction of outdoor air than that dictated by the critical space. This paper develops an analytical proof that increasing the primary airflow rate to t e critical space reduces the outdoor airflow rate required to meet ventilation requirements. For systems employing fan-powered boxes, where more than one box is critical, a systematic procedure for incrementally increasing the primary air is currently required.
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