Reports the results of investigations by researchers at the University of Osaka into the air tightness and infiltration rates in houses built with high levels of noise-reducing insulation.
The aim of this research effort was to develop a mathematical model and digital computer program for accurately calculating the energy required by residential housing units. This model was used to establish an accurate procedure for determining the monthly and seasonal energy requirements of alltypes of residential structures. The mathematical model and digital computer program developed were verified by extensive calculations and field measurements applied to nine residential dwelling units.
Reviews different lightweight structures' abilities to store heat. Shows a cutaway drawing of a single-family dwelling illustrating how stored heat is distributed. Relates heat storage capacity to structural density. Notes the importance of air distribution in attaining efficient heating.
Measurements were undertaken of basic indoor air pollution in the childrens' room in 39 occupied flats, built within the past 20 years, and in seven newly-built one-family houses ready for occupation.
Describes an energy audit procedure developed for determining economically optimal retrofits for a residential building. This audit is a microprocessor -based, interactive, site and house specific package addressing conservation, solar and wind measures. A dymnamic model of heating and cooling load is used to evaluate fuel savings. Special attention is given to the estimation of monthly average air infiltration rates, using a model correlating pressurization results with air infiltration under natural weather conditions.
Summarises measurements of natural outdoor environmental radiation made in the Eastern United States, in New England and in Western Europe. Also reports measurements made in single family and multiple-family dwellings in the metropolitan New York area. The general conclusion from the indoor measurements is that the radiation level inside houses in that area is generally somewhat lower than, but not very different from, the outdoor levelat the same location.
The indoor air quality of six homes with gas and electric cooking and gas heating appliances was characterized to determine the level of gaseous and aerosol air pollutants from typical indoor combustion sources.
Reports survey of indoor climate problems in dwellings. Questionnaires were distributed to 424 families who had complained of indoor climate problems and 240 replies were received. The questionnaires dealt with complaints relating to the dwellings and the age, profession, health and smoking habits of theoccupants. The dwellings are described by type, age, material of outer and interior walls, ceiling and floor. There are questions on ventilating habits, cleaning habits and occupants' views on dust, noise, odour, temperature, humidity and draughts.
Lists sources of radon and its isotopes in housing. Diagrams illustrate radon content as a function of air change rate. Estimates risk factors. Notes lack of coordinated national or international regulations. Relates number of lung cancer cases caused by radon to total recorded. States recommended maximum permissible concentrations.
Air pollution from combustion of fossil fuels can be injurious to health causing damages to air passages. Discusses health risks caused by radon emission in houses. Tables illustrate expected effects of exposure todifferent pollutants, causes of death, 15 years cumulative mortality data, mortality distribution comparison between UK and Sweden, risk of lung cancer caused by radon exposure, and effects on health caused by energy saving methods.
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