A fair comparison of ventilation systems is almost an impossible achievement. Even an economic comparison causes difficulties; the different systems render different room air qualities which cannot be counted in money.
Notes that if the exhaust air flows in an apartment building are adjusted to the same value in similar apartments, the pressure conditions may not be the same in these apartments.
In order to investigate the possibilities of installing heat recovery equipment in old apartment houses, a large project has been started. There are 30,000 to 35,000 apartment houses in Finland with an average volume of6000-7000 cu.m. Possible savings from heat recovery in houses with mechanical exhaust are the transfer of heat to supply air using standard equipment and heat recovery from exhaust air using heat pumps.
The indoor air quality of five detached dwellings, two townhouses, six apartment units, two mobile homes, one school and one hospital have been monitored. The pollutants monitored were CO, NO, NO2, SO2, O3, CH4, CO2 and total hydrocarbons. Reports results and describes a mathematical model developed to predict indoor concentrations of these pollutants. Briefly discusses the effect of energy conserving measures on indoor air pollution.
Discusses condensation within dwellings. Treats conditions conducive to reducing risk of condensation, factors which control concentration of water vapour in the air in a building and temperature of building fabric. Distinguishes between those under control of occupier and those controlled by design of building fabric. Considers in particular effect of ventilation on dewpoint of the air in bedrooms and humidity and temperature conditions in a bedroom during the day. Provides several case histories which illustrate relationship between ventilation and condensation.
Reports methods used to measure the concentrations of Rn, Tn, and their decay products indoors and outdoors. Radon and Thoron concentrations are detected continuously by collecting the positively charged RaA and ThA atoms on a surface-barrier detector using electric field precipitation.< The concentrations of Radon and Thoron decay products were determined by collecting them on a membrane filter and simultaneously counting the activities by means of a collimated surface-barrier detector.Indoor and outdoor concentrations are measured simultaneously under different ventilation rates.
Reports measurements of Radon-222 concentrations, carried out in the living rooms of 81 dwellings in Great Britain in 1976. Measurements of the activity concentration of RaA both within the room, and of the ventilation rate for the room were made. From this an estimate of the "radon output" of the room was calculated. Gives histogram of the radon outputs in picocuries of radon 222 per litre of room air per hour. Disregarding a very high measurement in a granite dwelling, the mean was 0.54 pCi/l/h.
Reports a nationwide investigation of gamma radiation in Swedish houses, made by the National Institute of Radiation Protection in Stockholm. The occupants of 2000 apartments and houses were picked at random and asked to participate in the investigation. The measurements were made with thermoluminescent dosimeters CaSO4 - Dy in teflon. Three detectors were sent to each of the selected dwellings by post. Finds that the accuracy of the detectors is about+ or - 25%.
Reports investigation of the radon concentrations in Swedish homes. The concentrations of radon and daughter products, air change rate and gamma levels have been investigated in 63 dwellings in seven types of houses built at the beginning of the 1970's in the town of Gavle. Gives table of results. From these results the absorbed dose in the basal cells of bronchial epitheiuim in the lung has been calculated for various periods.
Reports investigation into the radon dose from inhaled radon daughters during exposure indoors. The initial phase of the investigation comprised detailed measurements of radon daughter concentrations in each of four locations in the New York area. The investigation has now broadened considerably. Time-integrated measurements of radon concentrations and working levels have been obtained in twenty dwellings in New York and New Jersey in a two year period with which to estimate annual mean exposures of the inhabitants.
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