ln the paper a numerical program package is described to calculate incompressible, unsteady, three-dimensional, viscous and turbulent flow fields around sharp edged obstacle. By this the velocity and pressure distributions in the flow field and on the surfaces of square-formed bodies in a plane channel can be determined, as well as the frequencies of periodic vortex separations The channel consists of two plates extended to infinity. On the lower plate the square-formed body, which is identical with the building model, is placed.
Passivehouses in Europe with a specific energyrequirement of less than 30kWh/(m2a) total for heating, tap warm water, ventilation and household electricity have been realized in Darmstadt, FRG. Four families live in the dwellings with extreme thermal insulation, heat recovery and optimized use of passive solar energy. The measurement program includes more than 200 sensors; temperatures, comfort, energy flows, air flows and indoor air quality are monitored. With dynamic simulation comprising about 2000 cases of alternative design of the building components the project was optimized.
The Majrovagen project is the result of a design competition, held by the City of Stockholm and the Swedish Council for Building Research in 1990. The competition is a part of the efforts made by the City to promote efficient energy use and healthy buildings. Efficient energy use will help reduce disruption to the environment, the need for new, expensive energy plants, and, not least, the energy costs of the inhabitants of Stockholm. Three different projects with mu It if amity houses of about 60 apartments each were chosen by a Jury to be built in the same area during 1993.
Computer-based control systems have been widely used for controlling air-conditioning systems in commercial buildings. Computer-based control technology can increase control accuracy and can implement various sophisticated control strategies so that building energy consumption can be reduced. The problem is not how to implement a control strategy, but which control strategy should be used to control air-conditioning systems in commercial buildings.
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