Railway platform spot cooling has become an increasingly attractive means to improve thermal comfort conditions of existing subway stations. This paper presents a systematic approach to evaluate the effectiveness of platform spot cooling. The subway environment is first analysed by a simple onedimensional network model, which is able to estimate the bulk air temperature from the available spot cooling. The localized effects of spot cooling are then investigated using CFD.
Heat loss monitoring from a thermal manikin was undertaken representing an occupant in a classroom during a lesson period of 80 minutes in which the room temperature was increased from 21 to 24C for various airflow velocity configurations. A group of subjects was exposed to various conditions of temperature and airflow rate so that the impact of these variations on their surface/skin temperature could be determined. It was found that skin temperature remained stable and close to 34C for all conditions of exposure.
Urban planners and architects need detailed information about the thermal conditions ofopen spaces for their design. For the use of open spaces it is essential, that they have adetailed knowledge of urban climate effects, thermal sensations as the actual use of openspaces is very much dependent from that. The possibilities for adequate activities withinthe city structure also depend from thermal conditions.
The large sample size test and statistic of thermophysical parameters of natural ventilated residentialbuildings in hot-summer and cold-winter area, including the indoor air temperature, relative humidity,and wind speed, was performed in this study. The basic situations of the occupant were investigated byquestionnaires. The thermal sensation subjective response of the occupant was investigated withASHRAE seven sensation scales.
It is difficult to satisfy all workers in an office with respect to thermal comfort by a total air conditioningsystem. An individually controlled system that can create a preferable thermal environment for eachoccupant is therefore needed. In the present study, a chair incorporating two fans under the seat andbehind the backrest of the chair to provide isothermal forced airflow to the occupant was developed.Experiments were conducted in a climate chamber during summer. Seven healthy college studentsparticipated as subjects.
The particle-free conditions provided by cleanrooms are vital for much of modern manufacturingindustry. There has been a substantial increase in the working environment of cleanroom. Specialgarments are therefore dressed in all cleanrooms to control particles and microbiological contaminationdispersed from personnel in cleanrooms. However, more tightly-woven fabrics of cleanroom garmentswill result in thermal comfort dissatisfaction. In this study, field tests of a cleanroom have been carriedout in our newly constructed MEMS laboratory.
A task/ambient air-conditioning system with natural ventilation was installed in a high-rise office buildingin Osaka, Japan. This paper will report the results of the field measurements of indoor thermalenvironment and natural ventilation opening performances. From the thermal environmental aspect,the office is properly divided into working task zones and a general ambient zone so as to ensureboth occupants comfort and energy savings. Task air-conditioning is for satisfying individual thermalpreferences by using floor outlets.
This study has explored the possibility and potential of using a thermal active mass system for reducingthe temperature rise and increasing the thermal comfort in an office room. The Controlled Active Mass(CAM) will be used as a heat sink to absorb heat from the room in order to increase the thermal comfort.Physically, the CAM system was designed as a cubic-shaped tank filled with water, with the tanksurfaces either polished or black.
In an indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) installation the extracted air is cooled by means of adiabatichumidification. By passing over an air/air heat exchanger this air cools down the supply air. A clearinteraction can be observed between the relative humidity of the extracted air and the thermal comfortrealized in the building.
Indoor thermal environment is much affected by characteristics of an equipped heating system. Suchthermal environmental factors as temperature, air velocity, radiant temperature and their distributionscan influence the thermal sensation and the energy consumption of a heating system.
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