This paper describes some qf the thinking behind the thermal comfort provisions of the new European Standard EN1 525 1 (CEN:2007) for free-running buildings. This standard deals with all aspects on the indoor environment. The paper will presentthe evidence on which its provisions fortemperature in naturally ventilated buildingsin summer is based. It will discuss theadvantages they present jbr those concernedto design buildings which will minimise theuse of energy.
In this article the concept of a new energy-efficient office building and results of a 3-year monitoringare described. The monitoring was performed within the German funding programme ENOB.In this building most of the offices are naturally ventilated and passively cooled. Another focus of theenergy concept is on regenerative heating.Monitoring results show that the integrated planning enabled a very low consumption of energy forheating, ventilation, cooling and lighting.
A method for controlling the temperature of the occupancy zone in a room equipped with a fan coil ispresented. The heterogeneity of the air velocity field and the temperature distribution is considered. As it leads to a system with a great number of differential equations, the Proper OrthogonalDecomposition is applied to build a low order model. Moreover, the value given by a sensor oftemperature enables the estimation of the temperature in the occupancy zone with a state estimator.The performances of the model are shown through the first results of simulation.
Being the largest energy consumer, building sector represents a major stake for the actualenvironmental concerns. So far, building thermal comfort standards are based on static models thatdont account for the interaction between occupants and their living places. The adaptive approach of the thermal comfort has the advantage to be more comprehensive and realistic, and its application would result in energy saving in buildings. Recently, an Adaptive Control Algorithm ACA and an Adaptive Comfort Standard ACS have been developed on the adaptive approach.
This paper presents results of an evaluation of workplace occupant satisfaction in 16 state ofthe art office buildings of a variety of sizes and energy concepts in Germany. Some of thebuildings feature very low total energy consumption as well as passive cooling strategies. In thequestionnaire, all relevant aspects concerning occupant satisfaction of indoor environments areaddressed.
To gain access to information on energy use in office buildings, the German Federal Ministry forEconomy launched an intensive research and demonstration programme in 1995. In advance of theEU energy performance directive a limited primary energy coefficient of about 100 kWh m-2a-1 as agoal for the complete building services technology was postulated (HVAC + lighting) for alldemonstration buildings. A further condition was that active cooling be avoided.
In most conditioned spaces, the Mixing Jet Ventilation (MJV) systems are commonly installed. Relying on turbulent mixing, MJV homogeneously controls the room environment. However, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), draft, and noise can sometimes be drawbacks of MJV systems. In late the 70s, Displacement Ventilation (DV) was first introduced. By supplying low supply velocity air from the floor or lower wall, a stratification zone is formed which forces pollutants to be collected near the ceiling and allows clean air to remain in the breathing zone.
In most conditioned spaces, the Mixing Jet Ventilation (MJV) systems are commonly installed. Relying on turbulent mixing, MJV homogeneously controls the room environment. However, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), draft, and noise can sometimes be drawbacks of MJV systems. In late the 70s, Displacement Ventilation (DV) was first introduced. By supplying low supply velocity air from the floor or lower wall, a stratification zone is formed which forces pollutants to be collected near the ceiling and allows clean air to remain in the breathing zone.
Modelling thermal and aerial behaviour of unconditioned buildings requires an accurate knowledge of the air temperature and velocities fields inside the considered spaces. Furthermore, in ourMediterranean context, thermal and aerial aspects must be considered coupled together, because oftheir very strong interdependence. We have then developed a three-dimensional dynamic modularmodel of coupled heat transfer and airflow calculation.
The paper discusses a methodology for thermal analysis applied to buildings in which the stochasticnature of the external forces is concerned. The considered forces are ambient temperature and solarradiation. The stochastic approach presented in this paper, consists in modelling the climatic inputs as a Markov process which have been injected on a reduced modal model describing the thermalbehaviour of the building.
Login