Reports wind-tunnel measurements of wind pressure on a rectangular block. Presents results as mean isobars plotted on an exploded view of the surfaces of the model. Briefly discusses the effect of turbulence and fluctuating pressures. Concludes that mean pressure distribution is only slightly affected by turbulence and shear in the atmospheric wind.
Presents a model for predicting air infiltration that eliminates many site- specific parameters normally required. The only information necessary is the geometry and leakage of the structure obtained from fan pressurization measurements. Theleakage quantities, expressed in terms of effective areas, are total leakage area and the leakage areas of the floor and ceiling. Weather parameters are mean wind speed, terrain class, and average temperature difference. The model separates the infiltration problem into two distinct parts: stack and wind regimes.
Reports an investigation of wind loading with emphasis on the local pressure fluctuations, on a small scale building model in a thick turbulent boundary layer wind tunnel. A striking similarity between the oncoming turbulent energy spectra andsurface pressure-fluctuation spectra was consistently observed. This similar behaviour suggests that the upstream turbulence plays a dominant role in producing the pressure fluctuations on the upwind face of a bluff body.
Reports wind pressure measurements being made on a four-storey building at Gaithersburg. Describes instrumentation and techniques for data acquisition, reduction and analysis. Outlines tests to be made on data to analyse the statistical properties of records.
Reports measurements of wind pressure distributions on the surface of a rectangular cylinder model in a wind tunnel. Finds fluctuating character of pressure on roof surface is dependent on the turbulent structure of wind tunnel flow. Experiments were also made on box-shaped models with square section. Finds windpressure distribution on the roof became uniform with increasing height of the model. Gives diagrams of wind pressure coefficients.
Reports measurements of pressure distribution on square cylindrical models in wind tunnel. Vertical distribution of wind velocity was produced by grids of horizontal rods at varying spacing. Wind pressure distributions on model-scale buildings were obtained, varying the height, width, depth and winddirection. To compare results, a large-scale model 3.6 metreshigh 1.2 metres by 1.2 metres in plan was placed on the shore and pressure distribution measured during a strong wind. Gives diagrams of pressure distributions.
Describes a probe, developed for sensing static pressure in two-dimensional air flow. It was designed as a sensor for the measurement of static pressure acting on the surface of a building but the design also permits it to be used in free-stream flow. Gives details of the construction of the probe, calibration procedure and the effects of Reynolds number and of the sensitivity of the probe to pitch.
Describes tests made to find wind pressure on models in a low-velocity wind tunnel. Three basic forms:- a semi-cylinder, a rectangular vertical wall and a block-type gabled building were tested at several different angles to the wind. Gives typical pressure patterns for block-type model. Suggests use of average pressure coefficient for calculation of wind loads determined from pressure distribution. A short series of tests on the effect of shielding building showed that negative pressure on some walls could be increased by an adjacent building.
Outlines the characteristics and physical properties of driving rain. Discusses natural wind and its strength, spectrum and velocity. Describes methods for the measurement of wind loads and of driving rain on buildings. Discusses methods of measuring the resistance of walls to driving rain and notes some limitations. Describes the protection of walls and joints from rain and discusses the formation of one-stage and two-stage joints.
The authors show how the shape and surroundings of buildings and their situation in relation to prevailing winds affect the pressure distribution in a building. Variations in positive and negative pressure zones in relation to wind speed and direction in discussed and the so-called "stack effect". Model tests carried out in wind tunnels on both high and low buildings are reported.
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