English

Building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly common in developed countries and have the potential to contribute significantly to electricity generation as a benign alternative to fossil fuel generation. The University of Nottingham has recently completed a new campus, The Jubilee Campus. PVs are integrated into the roofs of four atria for the teaching buildings in the new campus. This paper presents the performance of roof-integrated PVs using CFD (computational fluid dynamics).

In this study a parametric analysis was carried out of the interaction between louvres and various perforated mesh screens. This type of arrangement is common in through-the-wall ventilators used for natural ventilation in buildings. An airflow testing rig was used to examine the impact on louvre airflow performance of the meshes. The interaction of louvre geometries and blade inclinations with meshes of different hole sizes was also investigated experimentally.

It is expected that there will be in 2003 an energy performance regulation for the Flemish Region. In the framework of the VLIET-EPIGOON project, a proposal for such legislation is under preparation. This paper describes the global context for the envisaged regulation. Moreover, a number of specific issues are briefly presented.

European project pr EN13465 from CEN TC 156/WG2/AH4 gives a monozone model for airflow calculations in dwellings. In order to apply it to natural ventilation systems with adjacent ducts used in dwellings in France, we need to address several issues. First, in adjacent ducts, airflows at each level depend on pressions in the different dwellings. We have to solve by iteration the balanced equation proposed in AH4. Then, cowls and roof outlet performances as well as the wind-pressure coefficient on the roof must be known.

In this paper the experimental results of the measurements obtained after the completion of a test room realised in the laboratories of the Dipartimento di Energetica dell'Universit di Ancona and the development of the monitoring system are reported. The same authors have already discuss in others works the preliminary studies about these themes and in which it is possible to read the first data of the effectuated studies about climatization phenomena.

Air filters may be used to reduce indoor airborne concentration which is one of the main indoor air pollutants. Air filters performances have to be measured in order to be able to select the right product for a given application. But differences do exist between laboratory and field filter test results and HVAC installations have to be controlled regularly. EUROVENT 4/10 recommendation describes guidelines for the evaluation of the perpromances of HVAC air filters according to particle size in an installation.

When studying improvements on room by room air conditioning appliances (RAC), it is necessary to know for how long these appliances function and which is their effectiveness - EER - on average (or Seasonal) known as SEER. A method was developed for Europe, taking into account the cycling losses, the fouling losses and the variations due to outside temperature and humidity. Further to this the load was represented by an equivalent number of hours at full load.

The paper reviewed the supply opening models of describing inlet boundary conditions for indoor airflow simulation firstly. Then examples of isothermal free air jets from a grille are presented to validate full representation of supply openings. Some results by the simplified method called N-point supply opening model, are also shown to compare with the full representation method. Four different outlet conditions of a grille are studied. The k-e turbulence model is applied.

A potential conflict may exist between energy saving and good indoor climate. The present project is phase 2 of a 5-year research programme consisting of four phases, the objective of which was to develop energy efficient ventilation strategies that will provide both healthy and comfortable indoor climate and reduced energy consumption when compared to present standard.

Increased global warming and deterioration of the ozone layer have stimulated interest in the use of renewable energy systems. Natural ventilation is increasingly being employed in modern buildings to minimize energy consumption and the release of harmful emissions to the environment. Innovative natural ventilation techniques such as the windcatcher and solar chimney have facilitated the effective use of natural ventilation in a wide range of buildings for increasing the ventilation rate.