A field study investigated outside air delivery and thermal comfort in a normally operating variable-air-volume (VA V) system. In addition to finding that outside air delivery and thermal comfort are generally acceptable under a variety of operating conditions, a number of practical diagnostic techniques were used to more fully understand VA V system operation and design. It was concluded that unless a VAV system is well understood or continuously monitored, the likelihood of unexpected system behavior that can impact the outside air delivery and thermal comfort is high.
Modelling techniques were used to verify the success of a "minimal duct" ventilation system proposed for an underground carpark in a prestigious project in Singapore. The procedure to determine the various model scaling parameters, to select the appropriate fans to model the supply and exhaust fans, as well as the "dilution fans"; and to simulate the movement of air through the vehicle access ramps are presented. Measurements from the model were found to be reasonable when compared with results from numerical simulation. However, certain modifications were needed to improve the system.
The paper is structured in four sections. The introduction sets the notion of solar control as a fundamental issue in deciding the priorities of climate-responsive design for different building types and locations in Europe. The second section presents an overview of application contexts and means of solar control, and discusses design priorities and threshold conditions for different space functions and environmental design requirements.
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