In this short report we demonstrate the feasibility of using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for studying the flow in fa.cia.l regions and nasal cavity. A two-dimensional unstructured finite volume flow solver is used. For modelling the turbulence we use a standard k - c: model.
This paper describes the objectives and research methodology of a 30-month research project carried out under the European JOULE programme with the involvement of seven countries with cold or temperate climate. The project aims to contribute to reducing energy consumption and consequent C02 emission in buildings by overcoming barriers preventing the wider uptake of technologies for natural ventilation (NV) and low-energy cooling and encouraging and accelerating environmentally-friendly natural ventilation and 'smart' controls as a main design option.
The purpose of this paper is to present the energy required to condition a constant volumetric airflow and determine the variability of this energy due to changes in the design dry bulb and humidity setpoints. Hourly weather data from a typical year from 32 European locations and long-term data from 11 American locations were analyzed to determine the coincident dry-bulb and dew-point temperatures. These data were then analyzed to determine the heating, cooling and moisture removal energy requirements for a constant mass of airflow per hour.
Thermoeconomics is a blend of thermodynamics with economics. The thermodynamic analysis uses the second law and the concept of exergy, the measure of usefulness of energy. Economics involves costing exergy flows in life costing techniques. The objective of thermoeconomics is to minimise a cost function, talcing into account capital, maintenance and running costs. Most of these are expressed in terms of thermodynamic variables of the system. This will establish the most cost effective design parameters.
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