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This study has been performed as a complement to the graduate studies of Yonghui Jin at the National Institute of Occupational Health and the Royal Institute of Technology. It was initiated by the need to analyze free convective flows along vertical walls within the test chamber employed for experimental work with particle transport in turbulent buoyant plumes.

 Natural convection in a thermally driven square cavity filled with air is studied numerically. Since the thermal Rayleigh number of the configuration ranges between 108 and 1012, the flow is turbulent and k-& models are used to predict the behavior of the flow. For this natural convection problem, the viscous sublayer must be discretized and the behavior of the turbulent quantities is damped within this sublayer through low-Reynolds number modelling.

Two new halls of residence, designed by Rick Mather Associates, are currently under construction at the University of East Anglia. All 800 of the near-identical student rooms have en-suite, prefabricated bathrooms, designed to be craned into position. Their low energy design required high standards of air-tightness and that mechanical ventilation systems be threaded through the buildings.

Throughout the past decade, a considerable amount of experience has been gained from technology transfer programmes on energy efficiency and renewables energy technologies in the UK. This paper describes theessential elements of a successful technology transfer programme and gives details of some of these elements within the UK Department of Energy's Best Practice programme, its predecessor the Energy Efficiency Demonstration Scheme and the Renewables Energy programme.

The European Community's Thermie programme is outlined, covering financial support for commercial implementation of new energy technologies; measures for energy technology promotion, through a network of Organisations for the promotion of Energy Technology (OPETs), and coordination of technology promotion activities at European level. If future funding is to be secured for Thermie and other technology promotion programmes, their relevance to the key political challenges of the day must be shown.

In recent times energy conservation has gained tremendous importance in India and is being looked upon as an untapped energy source. In the last 40 years there has been a phenomenal increase in India's production of commercial energy, demands of the developing Indian economy have outstripped the available energy supplies, an energy shortage has persisted for a long time

Ecolonia is being built in an urban expansion area in the Dutch municipality of Alphen aan den Rijn. The urban development plane was prepared by the Belgian town planning architect Lucien Kroll. He came up with an unusual design for a living and working environment, in which as many "natural" elements as possible are incorporated. It is a project which challenges the occupants to act in an energy-saving and environmentally-conscious way.

The present study intends to optimize the concept of a breast-wall panel while conciliating the architectural aspects and energy saving strategies of non residential buildings. Thus, the panel will permit besides a recovering of solar energy gains during the winter as in a classical Trombe wall (but without is thermal inertia) a reduction of solar energy inputs during summer. In order to estimate its thermal performance, a simplified model was developed predicting energy savings both in winter and in summer periods.

In the period 1980-1987 Rotterdam carried out an energy saving programme for municipal buildings in the non-profit sector (hospitals, schools, offices, libraries, etc). The target of this programme was to save energy with a yearly balance between costs and benefits. In 1987 this programme resulted in aninvestment of F.42,000.000,--. The energy consumption was reduced with 16.000.000m3 gas. After 1987 the energy consumption slowly grew to the situation of 1980. In 1989 Rotterdam started with the introduction of energy management.

Indoor climatization requires temperature and humidity control. The physical processes affecting the heat and vapour balance comprise heat and vapour diffusion across the envelope, ventilation, water evaporation or condensation, metabolic heat and vapour generation, solar and auxiliary heating.