English

Describes the monitoring over a 15-month period of the heat supplied to and heat lost from an unoccupied house in the grounds of the Cement and Concrete Association. The house was sealed to prevent air infiltration and the windows were covered to eliminate heat transfer by radiation between inside andoutside. Finds that heat losses through the house fabric are proportional to U-values and to the time-averaged temperature differential between the insideand outside environment. Comparison between heat input and measured heat loss shows that cold bridges constitute a significant energy drain.

Treats the relation between transmission heat loss and ventilation heat loss of buildings. Notes normal methods of fresh air ventilation of dwellings and problems arising with buildings being made increasingly airtight so that air infiltration is greatly reduced with consequent condensation and lack of maintenance of minimum hygiene standards. Illustrates and discusses possible future ventilation systems including mechanical supply and extract ventilation systems incorporating heat recovery systems. Illustrates several alternatives diagramatically.

Discusses the evaluation of building surface pressures resulting from the action of external wind, the modelling of individual components through which air flows, the determination of their characteristics under the action of pressure and temperature differences, and the solution of large airflow networks consisting of several such dissimilar components. Describes the integration of airflow calculations with heat transfer calculations in an attempt to produce a balanced approach to the determination of energy requirements for buildings.

Gives answers to practical problems encountered when retrofitting older Canadian houses. The first section gives an overview of a typical house both before and after retrofitting. The second section gives detailed answers togeneral questions covering ventilation, moisture and condensation, air barriers (sealing a house), vapour barriers, insulation, basements, walls, attics, roofs, windows, doors, weatherstripping, caulking, air quality, heat recovery and heat loss testing.

Reports on an extension of the metabolic CO2 method for ventilation measurement to a naturally ventilated room having air flow connections with other internal spaces as well as the outside. Uses an infra-red gas analyser to monitor CO2 concentrations in the fresh air outside and also within theroom, the corridor and the ceiling space. An automatic unit switches the analyser between 6 sampling points. Comparison of the data with results from SF6 tracer gas decay methods gives close agreement.

Describes a technique for measuring air flows between internal zones of houses. Gives the theory of measuring one and two directional flows and describes the equipment used for practical measurements. Uses Freon 12, Freon 114 and BCF as tracer gases, and measures their concentrations using a gas chromatograph. Includes specimen results of one and two directional flows between a house and its roof. Discusses the possible applications of the method in houses.

Describes full-scale measurements of wind pressures carried out on a high-rise building situated in an urban area and having an almost rectangular plan. Summarizes the results of measurements of the wind pressures acting on the windward and leeward faces of the building in a nearly face-on wind. Presents pressure coefficients, probability distributions, peak factors, power spectra and coherences.

A knowledge of the pressure fluctuations on buildings exposed to strong winds is important for wind loading calculations. Presents the statistical quantities of such fluctuations in terms of rms values and power spectra for models resembling the Aylesbury experimental building of BRE, and compares this with full-scale results. Suggests that, provided the properties of the longitudinal velocity component are suitably simulated, then agreement between full-scale and model results in terms of rms values and power spectra can be achieved.

Gives a survey of the weather parameters used for the "Danish test reference year TRY" and the corresponding set of data from meteorological observations made during a 15 year period. Describes the measuring methods used for the most important weather parameters, and presents selected tables and diagrams with some of the most important weather data. Gives possible fields of application for the test reference year.

Describes Schlegel's test chamber for measuring air and water infiltration around doors and windows. This can record infiltration at any point around the frame to high light the exact source of a leak. This is used to test the company's own draughtproofing and weathersealing products and is available to door and window manufacturers for development work.