English

The mathematic models for thermal, and PV solar power inserted in the ESP-r, which is the integrating building energy and environment simulation tool, were verified with the measured da ta. Using the verified model, the energy performance of an office building, equipped toward the south with conventional absorptive single facade or un-ventilated double PV facade or outward ventilated double PV facade installation, located at Shanghai was simulated.

This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the influence of different components of the annual heating and cooling load of buildings, analyzing the energy performance of building surfaces that are exposed to different weather conditions. The analysis was carried through the heat balance method by using the EnergyPlus program and weather files for Denver, in the United States and Florianopolis, in Brazil. The third floor of a building of 5-floors office building was used to analyze different optimum insulation thickness on external walls based on annual heating and cooling loads.

In museum buildings, air conditioning systems with precise thermal-hygrometric control of indoor environment are necessary for preventing degradation of artworks and providing a pleasant thermal environment for visitors. In traditional constant air volume (CAV) systems widely used in museums, the supply air is often cooled and then reheated for dehumidification without over-cooling conditioned spaces during warm and humid seasons. The cooling and reheating processes are energy-intensive. This paper presents a new air conditioning scheme for indoor thermal environment control in museums.

There is a rising demand for conventional mechanical cooling systems in UK buildings over the last 10 years, which is due to increase in building internal and solar heat gains.  Use of passive and low energy strategies for cooling and heating of buildings is an attractive alternative for providing comfortable indoor environments with low energy use.  Earth-air heat exchanger (EAHX) is a low-energy system that utilises the stable subsurface soil temperature to reduce ventilation air temperature.

The energy performance of radiant slab cooling relative to conventional air systems to be clarified for climates from cold and dry to very hot and humid. EnergyPlus simulations were used to compare the energy performance of 1) radiant slab cooling combined with a dedicated outdoor air system and 2) a variable air volume system. Simulation results show that the radiant slab system provided 10% to 40% better energy performance depending on the climate type.

This paper is concerned with energy saving effect of high-efficiency technologies in an industrial cooling plant system. In this paper, the cooling plant system introduced into a semiconductor facility is targeted, and the energy saving effect is studied by simulations. The system has turbo chillers with variable speed drive, heat recovery screw chillers with variable speed drive, assembled cooling towers, and also new control strategies for energy saving.

The operation of air-cooled chillers accounts for significant energy consumption in local commercial buildings, and low operational efficiency especially under partial load conditions and poor control are part of reasons for such huge energy consumption. Chiller efficiency can be improved by enhancing heat transfer rate in condensers. This paper considers how the chiller performance can be improved by using water mist to pre-cool ambient air entering the condensers to decrease compressor power.

One of the major factors in HVAC design is the occupant load, both in terms of heat gains and fresh air needs. Internal heat gains that result from human occupancy, commonly use a predicted maximum occupancy and an estimated occupancy diversity factor. This may have two problems. First, the maximum number may be far away from true value, Secondly, in a dynamic organizational environment, it is not easy to get a good estimate of the occupancy diversity factor. This paper comes up with a new approach that informs the HVAC design process by organizational simulation.

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems show a great potential to save energy. However, DHC has a number of problems related to other systems within a building; for example, decrease in the temperature difference between the supply and return water carrying cooling and heating energy affects efficiency. The main reason is that the DHC plant and the building air conditioning systems are operated separately. This study proposes a new energy service in which the operator of the DHC plant controls air conditioning systems at the same time.

One of the most effective methods to reduce energy consumption in buildings is to install the advanced HVAC equipments and to control them properly. This paper describes the optimum HVAC control system through the developed data platform, BACFlex that the simulation is executed using BEMS data, the weather forecasting, etc. The concerned targets are CO2 generation, energy consumption, comfort and cost. The brief structure of the system is explained and an example applied to the school is introduced.