Climatic responsive architecture in hot and dry regions of Iran

Providing optimum cooling and heating of residential buildings of hot and dry regions in Iran so far has been according to the relations of ecology, so that using architectural methods based on climate, local materials and also culture has damaged the environment as little as possible. Iran's traditional architecture has been generated from a climate and the situation which it has grown on it, so that all existing spaces of these regions such as urban spaces of passages, yards, and buildings are protected against the atmospheric factors especially undesirable winds, and using desirable winds and the sun's radiation are done according to some special arrangements. In order to recreate the least sun light and heat, outer parts of building walls of urban texture of these regions are condensed to each other and the houses are thickly joined to each other. The lanes are thin and disordered and sometimes they are covered with quite high walls, it is believed that while these situations create a shadow against the sun's radiation they control the speed of Kavir (Salt desert) winds. The idea of court yard in the houses of these regions has been formed according to the climatic factors, so that construction of courtyard houses of these regions with the indicators such as thick walls of porches, basements, wind catchers, arches and domes show that architects had an explicit concept of environmental conditions. Seasonal usage of spaces, concentration and attention to courtyard and making suitable use of roof are the very functional ways of planning which is in accordance with hot-arid regions. Lastly, we can say that Iran's traditional architecture is a constant and sustainable architecture, because with a stable indicator it is able to answer its ecological matters after the passage of so many years.