The effect of airflow guiding components on effective ventilation rates in single-sided ventilation applications

Wind-driven single-sided ventilation (SSV) is present in many existing buildings across Europe and with new Near Zero Energy Building (NZEB) regulations for the refurbishment of the existing building stock, its attractiveness as a non-invasive, low energy solution is set to continue. As a strategy, however, in addition to its air change rate capacity, the distribution of fresh air is an important evaluating criterion for its performance. Airflow guiding components located in the external opening that enhance the effectiveness of the wind-driven flow in ventilating the occupied zone could improve the quality of indoor environments. To our knowledge, the literature is sparse on the practical implications for ventilation when adopting guiding components such as louvers, an increasingly popular approach. In the present study, the performance of wind dominant single-sided ventilation was simulated using RNG k – ε and RSM CFD models, with and without louvers at three building orientations, e.g. windward, parallel, and leeward. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether louvers installed in the opening would improve both effective ventilation rate and the penetration depth of the flow into the indoor space. The performance of SSV was evaluated using the age of air and interpreting the secondary air circulation inside the room affected by louvers. As the result of these investigations a newly configured airflow guiding component was designed and compared to the other cases. Results show louvers can play a crucial role in controlling the secondary air circulation inside the room and they could either improve or worsen the performance of SSV in terms of air-exchange efficiency. It was shown that in most cases if louvers were the cause of incremental changes in turbulent intensity within the indoor space, then they are effective as an air-exchange efficiency improvement strategy.