Integrated simulation for HVAC performance prediction: state of the art illustration.

This paper aims to outline the current state-of-the-art in integrated building simulation for performance prediction of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HV AC) systems. The ESP-r system is used as an example where integrated simulation is a core philosophy behind the development. The current state and future developments are illustrated with case studies. It is argued that for building simulation to penetrate the profession in the near future, there is a need for appropriate training and professional technology transfer initiatives.