Low energy architecture for a severe US climate : design and evaluation of a hybrid ventilation strategy

The authors present first some general observations of the efficiency of naturally ventilated buildings and discuss how advanced natural ventilation (ANV) buildings incorporating stacks can be turned into a temporal hybrid form, that combines passive and mechanical ventilation.
Then the design of a new library building, near Chicago, using a new hybrid ventilation concept despite the severe US climate is described in that paper.The performance of that building is illustrated using dynamic thermal modelling and CFD analyses.
The barriers to low energy buildings posed by national standards and guidelines are exposed too.