energy demand

This paper focuses on a thermal simulation model of office rooms and experiments necessary to adequately estimate the required model parameters. For this, we investigated step responses for different parameters, e.g. the set point temperatures of the façade ventilation units and the concrete core activation, in the E.ON ERC Main building, to enable predictive modelling of the temperature in the office rooms.

Passive cooling by night ventilation is one of the most promising approaches to reduce cooling energy demand of office buildings in moderate climates. However, the effectiveness of this system depends on many parameters.

The energy efficiency and energy consumption of mechanical ventilation systems depend mainly on the heat and cool recovery efficiency and the operational costs of electric energy for air handling unit fans.

For free pre-heating of fresh air in winter and pre-cooling in summer and to protect the heat exchanger in the air handling unit against freezing earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHEs) are used. For large demand of fresh air multi-pipe systems are used to diminish total pressure losses and provide required amount of thermal energy.

This paper reviews the scenarios developed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) analysis. It pays particular attention to the applicability of these scenarios to the analysis ofenergy demand, energy savings, and reductions of CO2 emissions for the buildings sector.

Efficient ventilation of indoor environments shall guarantee not only a proper oxygen flow for human breathing, but also an effective removal of pollutants released by human metabolism and building materials. Usually, high ventilation rates are adopted to reach these two goals, with a consequent high energy consumption for buiding climatization.

International building legislation is setting stronger and stronger requirements for the energy performance of buildings. The most recent example is the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in the European Union. The improved energy performance of buildings can't be achieved by additional insulation or more effective building systems only. A major influence factor on the energy quality is the ventilation technology and also the airtightness of the building.

As heat exchanges through building envelopes and undesirable internal gains have been reduced in the last years due to energy conservation efforts, the importance of the energy needed to heat, cool and move outdoor air for ventilation has increased in relative tem1s. This study, developed within the European project TIP-VENT (JOULE) aims to study the impact of ventilation air flow rates upon the energy needs of typical buildings. Five real buildings were selected as case-studies: A hotel, an auditorium, an office building, a single-family residence and an apartment building.