Hannover fare.

Energy efficiency in buildings.

The use of bioclimatic principles and geothermal energy sources in designing the hotel "Ana" in Kanjiza Spa.

The detailed urban plan of Kanjiza beside the two existing hotels at the grounds assigned for the development of the Institute of Special Medical Rehabilitation "Kanji"a Spa" comprises a plan to build a third hotel. An urbanistic solution of the complex was found, (positioning of the hotel) based on a bioclimatic study in which bioclimatic elements both in the analysis of the location and in the architectural design were taken into account. The bioclimatic study started by considering the elements of climate and the conditions of the location.

Torre Guil environmental educational centre, Murcia, Spain. Proposal for energy saving and demonstration.

The buildings of this Environment Educational Center, designed with innovative energy saving features, minimize the impact on the preexisting environment. Renewable energy concepts have been applied to the building design, and intelligent control of lighting and air-conditioning has been included. Most of the buildings are green roof underground buildings, where domes that allow spans up to 42 m have been designed. Average energy saving is over 70% on heating and cooling demands and 60% in lighting.

Problems with descriptive energy efficiency standards (NZS4243:1996).

This paper presents a synopsis of the content of the New Zealand Standard for Energy Efficiency in Large Buildings. This new standard is purported to be 'descriptive'. The paper outlines the three permissible methods for demonstrating compliance with the Standard's requirements. Disadvantages of this approach are stated and an alternative proposal is suggested.

The new standard 90.1.

In a fitting tribute to the new millennium, ASHRAE issued ASHRAE/ IESN A Standard 90 .1-1999, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings at the Winter Meeting in Dallas in February. This new version of Standard 90.1 represents ten years of effort on the part of the project committee that completely revised the previous 1989 version of the standard.

Living in a carbon-constrained world.

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