Household electrical energy consumption is typically studied in two categories: a) energy consumption for familiar end uses, and b) energy consumption for miscellaneous (other or residual) end use. Assignment of the different electrical energy uses to these two categories is not standardized, with different research groups using different assignments. Familiar end uses generally include space heating, air conditioning, water heating, refrigeration, cooking, clothes drying, dish washing, lighting, television, and furnace fans.
Electric utilities in the Pacific Northwest have spent over $100 million to support energy efficiency improvements in the HUD-code manufactured housing industry in the Pacific Northwest over the past several years. Over 65,000 manufactured housing units have been built since 1991 that exceed the new HUD standards for both thermal performance and mechanical ventilation that became effective in October, 1994. All of these units included mechanical ventilation systems that were designed to meet or exceed the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989.
While the use of heat energy has decreased since the middle of the 1970's the use of electricity in the Swedish stock of commercial buildings has increased dramatically. In the average Swedish office building, roughly 30 % of all electricity is used for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning WAC). Another 30 % is used for lighting, 20 % for office machines, and about 20 % for other loads. In order to study the use of electricity in Swedish office buildings in detail, the Swedish Council for Building Research initiated four monitoring and bddiing simulation projects in 1989.
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