residential building

Air management in residential or tertiary usage buildings constitutes one of the key points of energy control in buildings. The principle themes concerning air management are heating or air conditioning, and ventilation and air renewal, mechani

Indoor air pollution is particularly noticeable today, resulting from the improvement of ventilation in building envelopes in order to economise in heat energy, and the consequent reduction of fresh air entry, leading to poorer air quality. The article describes the effect of tobacco smoke on the indoor climate of residential and office buildings and its effects on health, particularly its effect on non- smokers, or the passive effects of smoke.

A mathematical model was used to describe the natural ventilation of a modern residential building for various building construction and meteorological data. The calculations showed that exhaust air shafts have a very positive influence and that separate consideration of wind and stack effect on thenatural ventilation of buildings leads to a wrong interpretation. Both major influences must be considered together.

Due to the fact that loss of heat due to transmission is on the decrease, the loss of heat due to ventilation is becoming more important. Heat recovery units must be put into use to decrease the heat loss due to ventilation. If mechanical ventilation systems are used to create a minimum air change rate, air-tight windows are necessary - but if no ventilation grilles are used they are out of place.

Compares the guidelines for indoor air quality and minimum ventilation rates outlined in the DIN 1946 and ASHRAE standards. Discusses air quality-controlled ventilation. Outlines the principles and standards governing both natural ventilation and controlled ventilation with heat recovery in residential buildings.

Discusses the concept of ventilation efficiency. Sources of moisture production in residential buildings are given, and the minimum ventilation requirements for moisture removal are presented for a typical 3 person dwelling for various outdoor temperatures.

Investigates the effects of five different ventilation strategies on the annual energy consumption for heating and warm water of residential (family) homes. The strategies are: (1) natural ventilation, (2) mechanical ventilation and three forms of exhaust plants. Uses weather data from Portland, Oregon and Great Falls, Montana as examples of very different climatic conditions and heating/cooling requirements. The University of Wisconsin TRNSYS program was used for numerical simulation.

The influence of air infiltration and window opening on the indoor air quality in Austrian residential buildings was investigated. During the heating season, air infiltration plays a major role in securing hygienic conditions of indoor air and acts as basic ventilation. Air tight windows in new or renovated buildings do not provide this basic ventilation and can give rise to poor indoor air quality unless acceptable fittings for permanent ventilation are provided. Window opening can not replace the effect of permanent ventilation but plays a role as comfort ventilation.

A survey was carried out on 15 homes in Northern Italy to evaluate the occurrence of 35 selected volatile organic compounds and of total volatile organics in indoor air and in ambient (outdoor) air. Respirable suspended particulates and venti

Suggests draughtproofing and installation of controllable ventilation when retrofitting older residential buildings in the UK. Use of extract fans to remove moisture at source is recommended. The energy savings obtained in four case studies are presented.