school

This paper presents a set of detailed experimental data of room airflow with displacement ventilation. These data were obtained from a new environmental test facility. The measurements were conducted for three typical room configurations: a small office, a large office with partitions, and a classroom. The distributions of air velocity, air velocity fluctuation, and air temperature were measured by omnidirectional hotsphere anemometers, and contaminant concentrations were measured by tracer gas at 54 points in the rooms. Smoke was used to observe airflow.

This paper gives an account of a project to test the effectiveness of simple passive strategies to improve thermal comfort in Government Primary Schools in Pakistan .. Changes for improved thermal performance were carried out on five schools which were monitored both before and after modification. Schools are simple and minimally serviced. Improvements were controlled (as far as possible) to one strategy per classroom to make evaluation as straightforward as possible. An effectiveness score for a range of options has been developed.

This paper evaluates the performance of traditional displacement ventilation systems for small offices, large offices with partitions, classrooms, and industrial workshops under U.S. thermal and flow boundary conditions, such as a high cooling load. With proper design, displacement ventilation can maintain a thermally comfortable environment that has a low air velocity, a small temperature difference between the head and foot level, and a low percentage of dissatisfied people.

This study describes how the air quality in a displacement ventilated classroom can beinfluenced by the position of a contaminating person, and by the activity of a person who walksaround in the room. Tracer gas measurements have been performed in a full scale mock-up of aclassroom, with person simulators at the student's desks.The spreading of contaminants from a person seems to be strongly dependent on the positionof the person. The closer the contaminating person sits to the outlet terminal(s), the less ofhishers contaminants are spread in the room.

By the EROS Project the potentials of a retrofitting process for a typical school building in West-Germany were to be demonstrated from an energetic point of view. Combining the renewal of the space heating system with the reconstruction of the building envelope yields synergetic effects. The project aims at minimizing the future energy consumption and optimizing the economy of the retrofitting at the same time. Thus, both operating costs and emissions are reduced.