stack effect

Guideline for ventilation to improve indoor air quality in apartment housings in Korea was recently enacted and natural or mechanical ventilation system has become mandatory. Meanwhile, as the height of residential buildings goes up, the performance of ventilation system is influenced by stack effect especially in winter. This study is to review how stack effect influences ventilation system in high-rise residential buildings through simulations.

Passive stack ventilation is a key feature of sustainable building design and has particular potential for use in tall, multi-storey buildings. However, natural ventilation flows through multiply connected spaces may not behave as expected. Recirculation of air through occupied parts of the building and bidirectional exchange flows at ventilation outlets may compromise the intended ventilation scheme resulting in an uncomfortable indoor environment.

In the light of global environmental problems, it is vital for buildings to conserve energy and make use of natural energies. Natural ventilation is one important method for achieving this. In houses, natural ventilation is a very attractive way to control the indoor environment. Compared to this, mid- to high-rise buildings include many closed spaces where windows cannot be opened and internal heat is trapped inside, which increases the cooling load. Based on this situation, consciousness of environmentally friendly buildings and utilization of natural energy becomes high.

A building contains a number of large openings, such as doors and staircases. When the temperature of the spaces connected by these openings differs, the difference in density will cause air movements through them.Horizontal air movements through vertical openings in buildings, such as doors and windows are wellinvestigated while studies of air movements through horizontal openings, such as stairwells are less frequent and therefore this work focuses on this case.

In northern Europe ongoing changes in legislation that require increased levels of insulation,and the sealing of houses to reduce infiltration heat loss, has led to concerns about indoor airquality. As a result there is a need to achieve regulated and energy efficient winter ventilationin houses. The system currently being tested (WHOLE-pvs) in paired (test and control)houses and flats in Denmark, Poland and Ireland uses supply air windows in combinationwith Passive Stack Ventilation.

This paper is about the application of active stack system to enhance natural ventilation inpublic housing in Singapore. About 86% of the population is staying in high-rise publichousing, known as Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats, which is designed fornatural ventilation. The main objective of this work is to assess the status of naturalventilation in a typical 4-room HDB flat using scaled model in the wind tunnel, and todevelop an effective active stack system to enhance natural ventilation in the flat.

One of the major means of air diffusion for air conditioning equipment is the displacement ventilation. The stack effect is used by introducing at a very low speed, in the lower part of the room, some air whose temperature is close to the one of the desired atmosphere.

Every city or town has a market to supply fresh food to its residents. A market has the function of displaying fresh food, auctioning it, and supplying it to consumers. A market must fulfill this role throughout the year even in cold, snowy areas, and this calls for a large, covered space. At the same time, vehicles of various sizes drive in and out of the market premises to transport food into and out of the market. These vehicles emit exhaust gas, however, and the introduction of a large amount of fresh air into the market space is indispensable for maintaining good air quality.

We designed a roofed parking lot for a large wholesale market in Sapporo City to protect trucks and cars from snow and rain. Every day, the area attracts a large number of vehicles including trucks. Drivers often leave the engines running for heating in winter and cooling in summer. Exhaust gases poison the air, creating a serious environmental problem. The roof of the new parking lot is equipped with two kinds of chimneys, such as high chimneys to exhaust waste air and low chimneys to supply fresh air.

A large opening has to be designed at the bottom of a Void (light-well in high-rise apartment building) in order to keep the indoor air quality (IAQ) acceptable, because of the exhaust gas discharge of the gas water-heater. This paper presents a simple calculation method of the ventilation rate induced by wind force and thermal buoyancy through openings at the bottom, along with heat sources such as water-heaters.