Measurements on the rate of air exchange in residential buildings have been carried out by the Swedish Institute for Building Research since 1970. The results of an analysis of these measurements are presented in this paper for about 500 buildings not having mechanical ventilation. The studied buildings include one- and two-storey, detached, single- family houses, row houses, and multifamily residential buildings built between 1900 and 1982 and of various design. In some cases, the buildings have been retrofitted by improving the insulation of the attic or the exterior walls.
Air infiltration and ventilation rate measurements were made during all seasons of the year in eight federal office buildings using an automatic air infiltration system designed at the National Bureau of Standards. The eight federal office buildings were located in Anchorage, Alaska; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Columbia, South Carolina; Fayetteville, Arkansas; Huron, South Dakota; Norfolk, Virginia; Pittsfield, Massachusetts; and Springfield, Massachusetts.
Air leakage measurements by the tracer dilution technique were performed in five military aircraft hangars. The hangars were located in regions of the country having diverse weather characteristics. In several of the hangars, distinct measurements were performed to assess the degree of homogeneity of the air-tracer gas mixture in these large volume structures. Air leakage rates in the range of 0.6 to slightly above 2.0 air changes per hour (ACH)were measured. Surprisingly, these values do not differ significantly from those which might be measured in single-family residences.
Describes the evaluation of a new simple passive perfluorocarbon tracer technique for determining air infiltration rates into houses and buildings. The authors explain the methods used and present and discuss their results.
The advancement of tracing techniques enabled the problems associated with local and general ventilation in industrial premises to be tackled with accuracy. The purpose of this article is to present, on the one hand, the various measurement techniques of helium tracing used by the CEA and the INRS and, on the other hand, to give some examples of application.
The tracer technique can be used in ventilation and contaminant spreading investigations. We have chosen sulphur hexafluoride. We have constructed aspecific instrumentation to perform indoor tests. All components are portable and battery operable. We use generators with remotely controlled flow, real-time chromatographs as analysers, continuous SF6 monitors and field-use calibrators. We have performed numerous tests, in the nuclear industry (Laboratories, reprocessing facilities and PWR), in conventional industries and in hospitals.
A multiple tracer gas method for following air movement in buildings has been developed and demonstrated at the Polytechnic of Central London. This paper describes the method and shows how it is being used to investigate: 1. the whole house inf
Tracer gas techniques, used for routine ventilation checks or trouble shooting are outlined with emphasis on their applicability in a variety of situations.
Large, multicelled and naturally ventilated buildings pose many problems for the measurement of overall infiltration rates using tracer gases. In this paper, a simple technique proposed earlier is explored further by reference toa computer model study as well as by field measurements in two in two naturally ventilated office buildings. Results show that using this technique, the overall infiltration rates of large, multicelled and naturally ventilated buildings can be obtained to a good approximation.
Provides the text of the 68 papers presented at the symposium, arranged under the following headings - Plenary session, Advanced developments in ventilation, Control of toxic and explosive contaminants, Advances in tracer gas use, Ventilation for residential and modern office buildings, Advances in local exhaust technology, Ventilation for control of carcin- ogens and biohazards, Ventilation measurement and control, Sources emission rates, Filters, Air recirculation and energy conservation.
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