English

Use of spectral analysis as a tool in identifying correlations of annual and diurnal patterns of weather data is presented. Results obtained with the application of this technique to the 10-yr hourly data for six variables of Fresno, Calif., in the 1952-1963 period indicate significant correlations in the annual and diurnal patterns of the variables. A method is introduced for estimating coincident diurnal patterns, which can be used in load and energy studies. Considerations in selection of representative periods of weather data for standard usage are found to require further research.

The adiabatic boundary layer appropriate to flow over an idealised urban terrain has been simulated using a modified version of the system previously used to produce a rural boundary layer simulation. Where possible, measurements in the simulated flow were compared with full-scale measurements and reasonable agreement was obtained. However, because of a general lack of measurements in urban areas, several assumptions had to be made concerning the characteristics of some of the flow properties.

A wind tunnel of open-circuit configuration designed specifically for building aerodynamics is described and its performance is discussed. It has a working section 2 m wide x 1 m high x 8 m long with a maximum wind speed of 20 m/sec under

The calibration and use of a shielded dual sensor hot-wire probe, originally developed at McGill University for velocity measurement in highly turbulent and reversing flows, is described. The new probe permits measurements to be made in flow conditions which are not amenable to conventional hot-wire techniques. Two conventional hot-wire anemometers are used to drive the probeand a simple electronic circuit is required to decode the signals and producea continuous voltage analogue of the velocity component in one dimension.

The results of exposure chamber and field validation tests of NO2 diffusion tubes are reported. In an exposure chamber about 50 test runs at various relative humidities were performed. The field validation consisted of comparisons between tubes and a chemiluminescence monitor in 9 homes during several days in kitchen, living room, bedroom and outdoors. The results indicate a dependency on relative humidity, while the often quoted accuracy of 10% for the diffusion tubes might be too optimistic for the use of the tubes in homes.

Describes wind tunnel experiments on 3-dimensional flow around whole building formations. The pressure distribution on an isolated building with flow over the whole angular range was investigated. This was followed by examination of interference between high buildings of unequal height.

The use of lightwells and courtyards for natural ventilation in high-rise buildings is exaimed using both wind tunnel and field measurements of the pressures and neutral pressure zone caused by wind and temperature differences. Though air flow patterns are complex for complex building designs, air exchange rates in lightwells and courtyards were generally seen great enough to assure clean air for natural ventilation via air infiltration. However the cost of land in urban settings will probably make mechanical ventilation systems the economic choice.

This paper reports the results of measurements of inside surface temperatures on a basic double window arrangement consisting of two sheets of glass surrounded by insulated construction. Principal variables were air space width, height, and overall temperature difference. Carefully controlled natural convection conditions were provided on the warm side, with forced convection on the cold side. Results were also obtained for the average surface to surface thermal conductance of each configuration.

This paper discusses the flow of air around ideal (cubic) structures on plane surfaces subjected to a turbulent boundary layer wind. These winds are shown to follow a power-law variation with height, while winds significantly effected by thermal stratification follow a log-linear distribution. Discussion of stagnation zones, flow separation, and pressure changes is included, with possible effects upon air quality and infiltration. Also discussed are variations in building design and addition of neighboring buildings, both which produce very complex winds, yet to be quantized.

An analysis of ventilation necessary to maintain air quality in an above-ground fallout shelter was done, making use of theoretical models, and generalizing the results to fit measurements on actual shelter data. Results show that, at most, boundary surface heat loss serves as a safety factor for ventilation systems, and thus ventilation systems should be designed to remove the entire thermal load generated within the shelter. This, when considered in addition to weather and load expectations, establishes an upper limit on ventilation equipment size.