English

Lists the factors in a building (condensation, comfort, heat loss etc) which are affected by ventilation, mechanical or natural. Treats the driving forces of air exchange in buildings. Describes the four basic flow phenomena involved in air e

Examines the economic aspects of energy conservation techniques suitable for retrofitting into existing homes. Includes insulation, storm windows and doors, and weatherstripping. The object of this study is to determine that combination of techniques which will maximise net dollar savings in life-cycle operating costs for heating and cooling operations in existing homes, subject to specific climate conditions, fuel costs and retrofitting costs.

The ventilation recommendations set out by the British Standards Institute Code of Practice, the Building Research Station Advisory Papers, and CIBS are outlined.

The aim of this research effort was to develop a mathematical model and digital computer program for accurately calculating the energy required by residential housing units. This model was used to establish an accurate procedure for determining the monthly and seasonal energy requirements of alltypes of residential structures. The mathematical model and digital computer program developed were verified by extensive calculations and field measurements applied to nine residential dwelling units.

Until recently, natural ventilation was adequate for the indoor air environment of buildings. Today, with added insulation and tighter building envelope standards, indoor air quality is more dependent on mechanical means. The conventional and new control strategies for indoor environments are reviewed, and the point is made that good indoor air quality is attainable with cost effective means if the proper constraints are maintained. To improve control strategies, several suggestions are made:< 1.

The uncertainty of measurement results of air velocities in air-conditioned rooms generally is very high. A considerable part of the measurement errors are caused by the evaluation methods. It is shown that the accuracy of results can be ameliorated by using suitable statistical methods without increasing the effort. In this case binomial distribution gives better results thenGaussian distribution. To optimize the duration of measurements the most favorable reading interval must be determined. This time interval can be defined by the autocorrelation function of air velocity.

Sets of hourly data, representing the long term mean of both temperature and solar radiation, have been prepared for 21 U.S. metropolitan areas. The 8,760 sequential hourly values for all weather elements, including solar data, have been placed on magnetic tape for use in computer calculations of energy requirements.

The structural design of glasshouses must provide for safety from wind damage while permitting maximum light transmission to the crop. A literature review of codes of practice, recommendations and data concerning wind loads on buildings showed several different procedures for describing the wind speed near the ground and predicting design pressures on low profile buildings.

During an extensive programme of sound insulation tests on a house near Manchester Airport the opportunity was taken to measure the field performance of partially open dual glazing. The results show an increase in insulation of up to 3dB(A) when compared with predictions based on laboratory SRIs. Also reports measurements of the ventilation rate in bedrooms with one window partially open and all other doors and windows closed. Measurements were made using nitrous oxide as a tracer gas.

The performance of an HVAC system's air-to-air energy recovery exchanger is defined primarily by the exchanger's effectiveness and pressure drop. The effectiveness is dependent on several parameters such as the supply and exhaust mass flow rates and the energy transfer characteristics of the device. Because of this combination, performance data must be established for each individual type of device.