English

We present a prototypically implemented and empirically tested daylight-responsive lighting systems control in buildings that makes use of realtime sensing and lighting simulation. This system can control the position of window blinds and the status  of the luminaires. It operates as follows: (1) At regular time intervals, the system considers a set of candidate control states for the subsequent time step; (2) These alternatives are then virtually enacted via lighting simulation.

Reliable prediction of daylight availability in indoor environments via computational simulation requires reasonably detailed and accurate sky luminance models. In this paper, we compare three calibration methods to derive detailed sky luminance maps from digital sky images. The results imply that digital sky imaging calibrated with parallel measurements of overall horizontal illuminance levels, can provide an efficient basis for the generation of detailed sky luminance models.

To reduce the potential risk of airborne infectious diseases during an outbreak or to detect a chemical/biological release by a terrorist, it is essential to place appropriate chemical/biological sensors in commercial airliner cabins. This investigation studied sensor responses along the length of a fully occupied twin-aisle cabin with 210 seats by using a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program. The results revealed that seating arrangements can make cross sectional airflow pattern considerably asymmetrical.

This paper analyzed the influence of neutral plane on natural ventilation in workshop. For several typical heights of neutral plane of a molding workshop, its influence on ventilation was simulated by means of CFD. In designing natural ventilation, to coordinate the dimensions between the inlet and outlet openings and to play down the neutral plane properly may be the effective measures to increase ventilation efficiency.

This study assesses the extent of the cooling effects of waterways on the thermal environment of urban districts of Osaka by measurement and simulation. The thermal environments of districts with and without waterways were measured in summer. The effects of the change of configuration of the district near waterway were calculated using computer fluid dynamics simulation. Results show the following. 1) Measured daily mean air temperatures were 0.5–0.8 K lower and SET* was 1.4–2.9 K lower in the district with the waterway than those in the district without waterways in peak summer.

Bases on the concept of task/ambient ventilation, fresh air can be decoupled from re-circulated air so as to improving ventilation effectiveness in breathing zone. Ceiling mounted high velocity circular jet diffusers, which are regarded as remote personalized ventilation air terminal devices (PV ATDs) without affecting room aesthetic effects, can be utilized to supply fresh air without causing draft rating because tropically acclimatized occupants prefer slightly higher air movement. Under-floor air diffusers are used to supply re-circulated air.

This study developed a drift-flux model for particle movements in turbulent indoor airflows. To account for the process of particle deposition at solid boundaries in the numerical model, a semi-empirical deposition model was adopted in which the sizedependent deposition characteristics were well resolved. After validation against the experimental data, the drift-flux model was used to investigate human exposures to particles in three normally-used ventilation types: mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation (DV), and under-floor air distribution (UFAD).

While the scientific literature is full of studies looking at the impact of climate change driven by human activity, there is very little research on the impact of climate change or urban heat island on building operation and performance across the world. For this study, typical and extreme meteorological weather data were created for 25 locations (20 climate regions) to represent a range of predicted climate change and heat island scenarios for building simulation. Then a set of prototypical buildings were created to represent typical, good, and low-energy practices around the world.

The daylight coefficient method has been introduced in computer simulation as an efficient approach to compute indoor daylight illuminances through building static fenestration systems. A set of coefficients are calculated only once prior to simulation start for a given number of elemental patches making up to sky vault and ground.

Over the past 15 years, much scientific work has been published on the potential human impacts on climates. For the Third Assessment Report published by the United Nations International Program on Climate Change in 2001, a series of economic development scenarios were created and four major general circulation models (GCM) were used to estimate the anthropogenesis-forced climate change. These GCMs produce worldwide grids of predicted monthly temperature, cloud, and precipitation deviations from the period of 1961-1990.