English

Definition of heating/cooling capacity ratio (HCR) of the heat pump air conditioner has been put forward in  this study, and the relationship between supply HCR (HCRS) and demand HCR (HCRD) has been illustrated.

At room temperatures ranging from 28 to 35°C, three sensitive body parts were each exposed to local cooling airflow. Dressed in shorts, 30 randomly selected male subjects were exposed to each condition for 30 minutes and reported their local thermal sensations of all body parts, overall thermal sensation, thermal acceptability and comfort on voting scales at regular intervals.

This investigation of the window opening data from extensive field surveys in UK office buildings investigates 1) how people control the indoor environment by opening windows, 2) the cooling potential of opening windows, and 3) the use of an “adaptive algorithm” for predicting window opening behaviour for thermal simulation in ESP-r. We found that the mean indoor and outdoor temperatures when the window was open were higher than when it was closed, but show that nonetheless there was a useful cooling effect from opening a window.

This paper proposes the methodology to quantify the individual difference in temperature regulation of human body for transient simulation of body temperature. Experiments of transient thermal exposure were conducted for four subjects and the characteristics of individual difference in themoregulatory response were observed quantitatively.

When low carbon and renewable energy (RE) systems are adopted in a building, matching the outputs from RE systems (e.g. photovoltaic, solar collectors, small scale wind turbines and heat pumps) to demand has to be taken into account to fully realise the potential of the hybrid energy system.

Local thermal sensations of all body parts were studied in neutral-warm room while face, chest and back were each exposed to local cooling air. Dressed in shorts, 30 randomly selected male subjects were exposed to each condition for 30 minutes.

Energy and environment has been issues concerned all over the world. In China, the application of small size gas-fired air-cooled air-conditioner as an alternative for electric compression air conditioning systems has shown broad prospects due to occurrence of electricity peak demand, lack of water resources and environment-friendly working pairs. Especially, the new air-cooled air-conditioner has many advantages. In order to evaluate its cycle performance, the mathematical model of the new air-conditioner was presented.

A parameter adjustment method for an ammonia heat pump chiller using a genetic algorithm (GA) was developed. The parameters were automatically adjusted by the data of performance at rated point. Upon using the proposed adjustment method for parameters, output values of the simulation model agreed quite well with the performance data at rated point. The deviation of output was less than 1.2 [%] from the rated value. To speed up the adjustment process, a new approximation method with neural network was also proposed.

This paper presents different thermal comfort models and empirical verification for assessment of the thermal conditions of transitional spaces in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The method adopted is deductive, performing simulations of predictive models, and experimental inductive, considering field research of micro-climatic variables and subjective answers.

Sustainable buildings design process is typical for modeling and simulation usage. The main reason is because there is generally no experience with such buildings and there is lot of new approaches and technical solutions to be used. Computer simulation could be supporting tool in engineering design process and can bring the good way for reducing energy consumption together with optimalization algorithm. For the optimization process we have to know which most sensitive input parametr from many of them has to be investigate.