English

This paper includes the results of empirical measurements in and computational modeling of atria. Five atria with different designs were considered. In each atrium reverberation times and sound distribution patterns were obtained via measurements. Subsequently, the spaces were modeled in a room acoustic simulation application. The comparison of measurement and simulation results support the formulation of recommendations toward a more reliable use of modeling tools for proper acoustical design and analysis of atria.

The study investigates the use of local trees in the UAE to improve visual performance and lighting quality in typical classrooms. The methodology depended on analysis of luminance ratios and illuminance levels using simulation (Radiance.) The effect of two design variables (i.e., tree type: Ghaf and Neem, and tree spacing: 2m and 4m parallel to outside north wall, on task’s illuminance levels and interior-surfaces’ luminance levels were investigated. Lighting quality and visual comfort issues such as acute contrast, high brightness, and daylight distribution were discussed.

This paper presents the simulated results of human evacuation in a large space building. Two different models, Cellular Automata (CA) model and social force (SF) model are adopted. The simulated evacuation time and main characteristics of human evacuation are simulated and these results by the two models are compared. To check the practicability of the models for actual complicated cases, the simulating time is also compared. The results denote that both the two models can simulate the “arch” and “faster-is-slower” effect for human evacuation.

In order to determine the optimal combination of the heating source equipments in an existing office building, simulations of six different combination cases were conducted using the newly developed mathematical models of each component. From the simulation results, the optimal combination case can reduce the energy consumption by 19.7%, running cost by 12.8% and carbon-dioxide emissions by 29.6%, compared to the present operational combination.

Building use modes are important for energy consumption simulation. But few research concerns building use modes, such as people behavior of opening/closing window, room temperature for airconditioner running, and air-conditioning space and time. In this paper, a more reasonable and practical use mode approaching the reality is proposed for building performance simulation. And this mode is compared with a ‘standard use mode’ common used in most simulation tools. Results show different building use modes will influence simulation results—energy and economic evaluation for one scheme.

A liquid desiccant fresh air processor is presented whose driven force is low-grade heat (65~70℃ hot water). Inside the processor, the desired cooling source for air’s dehumidification is indoor exhaust air’s evaporative cooling energy. Multi-stage structure is used to get higher total heat recovery efficiency of indoor exhaust air. The mathematical model of the fresh air processor is set up and realized by SIMULINK procedure. As the practical liquid desiccant fresh air processor is developed, its performance is tested with average COP (cooling load divided by heat source) 1.3.

In the internally-cooled liquid desiccant dehumidifier (ICLDD), cooling medium is introduced to carry away the vaporization latent heat, which enhances effectiveness of heat and mass transfer process between liquid desiccant and air. Numerical method is adopted in this paper to analyze the performance of ICLDD. Theoretical model of heat and mass transfer process is established and verified by available experimental results.

Occupant evacuation dynamics is a kind of manybody system of strongly interacting persons. A great deal of factors should be taken into account in the study of fire evacuation, such as human behavior, fire products and architecture.

Considering the dynamic control process of thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) and adjustement behavior of consumers, as well as heat transfer through neighborhood, the main purpose of this paper is to derive a total model for simulating and analyzing the dynamic behavior of hydraulic heating system with the control of TRVs in multi-family building, based on state space model of room dynamic performance. This is done by treating building and the heating system as complete entities. First of all the dynamic models for rooms, radiators and TRVs are derived.

Personal displacement ventilation (PDV) is a new ventilation concept that intends to combine the positive features of displacement ventilation with those of task conditioning or personalized ventilation. PDV is expected to create a micro-environment  around the occupant to control the environment individually.