Air infiltration through revolving doors may have significant impact on the heating load of commercial and institutional spaces, and may create discomfort to people. This paper modifies a 40-year old model by Schutrum et al. (1961), composed of two components: (1) estimation of air exchange between one segment of the revolving door and the indoor/outdoor and (2) estimation of net air infiltration rate.
This paper presents a simulation study employed for the optimization of the building envelope for a new university building located in Montreal (latitude 450N). The study involved simulation of façade design options, taking into account maximization of daylight, reduction in electricity consumption for lighting and optimal control of solar gains. Combinations of motorized shading devices in conjunction with controllable electric lighting systems are investigated in detail.
A two-level analysis was used to study the economic potential of implementing Building Cooling, Heating and Power (BCHP) technologies in the U.S. A simplified level allowed limiting the full evaluation to seven major metropolitan areas and seven typical service applications in three basic configurations. The more rigorous level of simulation involved studies of 147 cases and involved software developed at GTI. This software employed DOE21.E computational engine to generate 8760 hourly building load profiles.
HVAC systems that supply both space heating and domestic hot water are becoming more popular in residential buildings In North America. With these “combination systems” water from a fuel-fired storage tank is used to satisfy domestic hot water needs directly. Space heating is accomplished convectively, by circulating hot water from the tank through a water-to-air heat exchanger in a fan-coil system. An explicit plant modelling approach was used to represent a combination system within the ESP- r/HOT3000 simulation program.
A computer-model is used to simulate the evacuation of the occupants in a building. The aim of the simulations is to establish an equal level of fire safety in accordance of the building regulations. Simulations can also be used to optimise the design of the escape routes (numbers of exits, dimensions of staircases).
The barriers to simulation deployment in design practice are well documented. They include: a steep learning curve, a lack of trained staff, hardware and software is- sues, lack of resources, the development of appropriate procedures for use in practice and communication and co-ordination issues. IBPSA Scotland is assisting its members to address these barriers by providing expert in-house support for the integration of the new simulation technologies into their existing work practices.
The non-uniform behavior of the air inside a room, which is important in comfort analysis, can be evaluated by zonal models. While not as fine- grained as CFD simulation, they do give useful information about temperature and moisture distributions that is not available from lumped- parameter models. Therefore, we have developed a tool, called SimSPARK, to automatically build dynamic zonal simulations of a building zone.
The performances of air conditioning equipments, like heat pumps, chillers or air conditioners, derive not only from the operative thermal levels, but also from the building requirement trend which normally involves frequent reductions of the full capacity. Nowadays an increasing consciousness of the importance of part load working influence on the equipment long term efficiency has stimulated the investigation about part load working behaviour of the machine.
The software Sim_Zonal is a tool for evaluating indoor temperature and air flow distributions for residential and office buildings. The aim of this EDF (Electricity of France) software developed in collaboration with LEPTAB (University of La Rochelle) is to evaluate comfort problems and specifically risks of discomfort (risk of draught, indoor gradient temperature, etc..) with taking into account the coupling with the building envelope. The objective is to obtain a simple software for rapid appraisals, which is complementary to the CFD codes.
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