English

In Part 1, it is described that, in overall judgment, the reproduction accuracy is improved when computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is performed using RNG model and the modified model incorporating Durbins limiter (? = 0.65). However, in Part 1, the study was performed on an object with extremely simple shape, and question may arise if this is applied on an actual building. In this respect, we attempted in this study to perform similar evaluation on an object with complicated shape.

This paper looks at the ways in which summer overheating can be avoided in European - and in particular UK - office buildings. Starting with the results from field surveys expressed in adaptive comfort theory the paper defines comfortable conditions and the range of acceptable temperature around these in both free running buildings and those which are heated or cooled. Data from the EU project SCATs and other surveys is used to explore how an upper envelope of acceptable temperatures might be defined.

An experimental campaign was organized inside and outside two urban street canyons during summer 2002 in Athens. The experiments consisted of air, as well as, of surface temperature measurements on building walls and on asphalt street together with wind velocity measurements at different heights in the centre of canyon, near opposite building facades and outside canyon. This study presents the analysis and the conclusions regarding the variation of air and surface temperatures and the observed wind speed characteristics inside the two studied canyons.

Hong Kong is the densest city in the world with an urban density of some 60,000 per square kilometer (Fig. 1). Very tall buildings closely packed together decrease the availability of the natural elements (sun and wind). The government is working to resolve the problem since 2000. This paper unfolds a story of some key events to seek for solutions. Design in the real life is as much science as it is politics. How to appropriate scientific quantities politically is perhaps more difficult than the experiments themselves.

A field study of environmental conditions and occupant comfort were carried in four office buildings in the southeast region of France. The study was made during the summer and autumn seasons, collecting a full set of physical measurements and subjective responses. The measured environmental parameters are: air temperature, operative temperature, air velocity, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, sound and light levels. The subjective responses concern the judgments of participants about the thermal environment at the moment of measurements.

Bam citadel is the greatest and oldest mudbrick construction of the world. It includes three parts of residential, military and citadel with covering an area of sq.ms 200,000. This article explores the skills of design used in urban spaces of Bam citadel with considering of environmental characteristics such as temperature, wind, sunshine, water, and vegetations and analyzes them.

The paper will summarize the results of an extensive research on sustainable architectural strategies used throughout the history in all climates, but here the results of the temperate climate will be presented. The selected case studies were investigated, regardless of their cultural diversity, ranging from prehistoric to the current settlements, and they were cross-referenced and compared to each other. The relationship between their architectural patterns is examined from a climatic point of view.

HEED (Home Energy Efficient Design) shows architects, builders, and homeowners how to design or remodel their buildings to reduce or even eliminate air conditioning loads. It is intended for use at the very beginning of the design process, when most of the critical decisions effecting energy consumption are made. This paper goes step-by-step through a typical building remodeling design using HEED.

Natural ventilation can be successfully applied for passive cooling in order to reduce cooling loads of buildings. Several parameters may have a significant impact on the performance of such a cooling technique, among others: climate, ventilation configuration, thermal mass, control parameters, etc. Within the frame of the PHACES project, a comparative analysis of control strategies in different configurations has been conducted, to underline and to quantify the relative impact of these various parameters. Some of these configurations have been experimentally tested.

Ventilation has a major impact on the global performance of buildings, in terms of energy consumption as well as regarding indoor climate: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustics. The objective of the Cli'Nat project is to design, within a systemic approach, and to evaluate, by simulations and experiments, the performance of a ventilation and passive cooling system including a dedicated building envelope component and specific control strategies.