English

Indoor air quality (IAQ) has been a matter of public concern in Brazil. An IAQ survey wasconducted in an office building and in a commercial bank in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Indoorand outdoor air of offices was analysed due to the possibility of causing adverse effect on thehealth of the occupants. Measurements were made in a day during working hours. Sampleswere collected for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs), aldehydes, total particulate matter (TPM) and microbiological analysis.

A 3-year research project was established in 1999 to create numerical reference data formaterial emissions during the time of construction and during the first year after the buildinghas been taken into use. A total of nine measurement sites, representing the presentconstruction practice in Finland, were chosen for investigation. Material emissionmeasurements for surfaces, using the field and laboratory cell (FLEC) technique, wereperformed in the newly finished and 6- and 12-month-old buildings according to a specifiedschedule.

This research is to develop a mass-transfer model for describing the emission of volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) from architectural coatings, which accounts for both surfaceevaporation and internal diffusion during the drying period. To apply this model, it isnecessary to know the evaporation and diffusion coefficients of VOC emitted from thecoating materials. An experimental method was, therefore, developed to determine boththe evaporation and diffusion coefficients for six aliphatic hydrocarbons and six aromatichydrocarbons from oil-based paint.

Formic acid and acetic acid are indoor air pollutants that will engage in corrosion or othermaterial deterioration processes. Objects attacked by these compounds can be destroyedbeyond rescue by any conservation treatment. This is a special concern in the museumenvironment, as these acids are emitted from a range of display construction materials,including wood products. It is demonstrated that high concentrations of those acids can beobtained in confined spaces, such as cases, which often are characterized by a low airexchange rate and a high inner surface to volume ratio.

A new generally applicable model for calculating the surface emissions of VOCs (volatileorganic compounds) from the building materials and the VOC instantaneous distributions inthe materials is developed. Different from the mass transfer based models in the literature, thenew model does not neglect the mass transfer resistance through the air phase boundary layerand does not assume that the initial VOC concentration distribution C0 in building materials isuniform. And this paper provides an exact analytical solution for this model.

The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan have published the guideline values for14 chemical compounds including formaldehyde, toluene, xylenes etc., in order to solve theSick house syndrome problem. In this study, field measurements on indoor air quality wereconducted in newly-built houses which had not been occupied.The concentrations of aldehydes and VOCs, the ventilation rate, the emission rate offormaldehyde from each surface material, temperature and humidity were measured in threehouses in summer and in two houses in winter.

The purpose of this study is to identify the causality explaining indoor concentrations offormaldehyde, VOCs and fungi which have significant health effects. In the rainy season(July), summer (August), autumn (October) and winter (December), measurements werecarried out in three newly built apartment complexes. In each complex the same buildingmaterials were used.

The quality of our indoor environments affects well-being and productivity, and risks fordiverse diseases are increased by indoor air pollutants, surface contamination with toxinsand microbes, and contact among people at home, at work, in transportation, and in manyother public and private places. Offered here is an overview of nearly a century of researchdirected at understanding indoor environments and health, current research needs, andpolicy initiatives that need to be addressed in order to have the healthiest possible builtenvironments.

In recent years, the World Health Organization has published a database with detailedestimates of the global burden of death and morbidity by disease, age, sex, and region. Justthis year, a WHO-organized international team expanded this effort by systematicallyestimating the individual burdens for some two dozen more distal risk factors by age, sex,and region, including, inter alia, malnutrition, hypertension, tobacco use, obesity, unsafesex, and several environmental and occupational risk factors.

Now believed to be responsible for anaphylaxis to chemical substances, concentrations of formaldehyde and VOCs emitted by interior finish materials and furniture, is very low in residential spaces. To accurately measure these concentrations, it is necessary to concentrate the air sample during sampling and to employ high-precision analysers such as a GC analyzer to obtain the results. Since these complicated sampling and analytical operations require a high level of expertise, the development of an on-the-spot precise measuring instrument has long been awaited.