German

Ventilation requirements for the reduction of humidity. Required air change rates for hygiene and moisture removal for various rooms are given. Air flow rates are calculated for natural ventilation with closed windows, hopper windows and controlled ventilation. Ventilation by window opening is discussed. Gives examples of the transfer of moisture within a building, and the main reasons for ventilation, with particular emphasis on moisture removal. Lists danger of condensation on various building elements, causes and remedies. Advises on ventilation measures.

Discusses how air flow in a building is affected by the position of the ventilation openings in the outside wall. Treats factors determining selection of controlled ventilation system and provides examples of systems available: small air vents, mechanical ventilation with acoustic and thermal insulation, ventilation with heat recovery, etc. Discusses an optimal solution with air quality control.

It is necessary to design the ventilation system to avoid excess humidity in the apartments. Discusses the sources of moisture release in rooms, properties of air temperatures in relation to moisture absorption, condensation in bedrooms in particular, and moisture damage to building fabric. Advises on ventilation measures to control humidity.

Discusses the effects of air infiltration and air change rate on temperature and humidity of indoor air. Attempts to quantify the relationship between surface temperature, thermal bridges, thermal resistance and indoor climate.

Retrofitting for air infiltration is undertaken for two principal reasons, to provide greater comfort and to save energy. Qualitative and quantitative measurement of air penetration is an essential prerequisite for planning anefficient retrofit for air infiltration. Describes methods of measurement with two examples of single family houses in sheltered and exposed locations.

Using meteorological and physical data, a model simulating pressure and air mass flow distribution in buildings was produced using the method of non-linear networks. It was used to study wind and buoyancy effects on mechanically ventilated buildings. Contents include: natural ventilation in high rise buildings with and without air-handling equipment, a study of a hospital, and calculation of the annual heat load for ventilation.

Energy-saving measures vary according to canton in Switzerland. Mentions the building regulations on air infiltration.

In discussion of air infiltration, we must consider air leakage flow, air change, air changes per hour at 50Pa, the surface permeability coefficient, the component permeability coefficient and equivalent leakage area. Air change and air leakage data are given for multiple family houses, single family houses, offices, industrial buildings and single cell elements.

Describes some of the planning recommendations of the Swiss SIA that touch on the subject of air infiltration.

Briefly notes the significance of ventilation heat losses for energy consumption. Notes the main sources of air pollutants in indoor air and the recommended fresh air rates per person for housing, for smokers and non-smokers. Notes the need for a well-sealed facade with mechanical ventilation and for judicious facade leakiness in the absence of mechanical ventilation. Notes the long-term need is for improved control of air infiltration. Notes briefly the AIC publication "Air infiltration control in housing".