The Linford project involved designing, building and monitoring 8 low energy passive solar houses. The houses were insulated to current Danish Regulation standards. Seven occupied and 1 unoccupied test house were monitored over two years.
The aerodynamic forces affecting wind and rain penetration of roofs are described. They are: 1 the wind and its turbulent nature, 2 the induced pressure field, 3 the air flows in contact with the roof and 4 the characteristics of the roof (internal pressure, permeability, structure, etc).
The typical infiltration load for a residential building has been found to range from one-third to one-half of the total space conditioning load. However, most infiltration measurements have been made on single-family houses.
To elucidate any connection between high radon concentrations and low-infiltration houses, the 222Rn concentrations and infiltration rates have been measured concurrently in US houses. Three housing surveys have been undertaken: one in energy-efficient houses located throughout the US and twoin conventional houses in the San Francisco area and in Maryland. In each of the groups surveyed, no clear correlation was observed between 222Rn concentrations and infiltration rate, although each parameter varied over a wide range.
Addresses air leakage of warehouses and light industrial buildings including the significance of infiltration/exfiltration, air leakage sites, and measurement techniques. Concludes that 1, only limited leakage data are available for components of this building category 2, no model has been developed specifically for use in warehousing and light industrial buildings. However, one of the existing models for residential buildings could possibly be adapted.
Describes the first stage of a project to study domestic background leakage. Fundamental flow measurements have verified the crack flow equation for the simplest crack type for a much larger range of crack and flow parameters than have previously been examined. It is hoped to develop a portable, automated pressurization system capable of identifying and quantifying background leakage areas in rooms.
Contains articles on rain penetration and moisture damage in residential construction, moisture sources in houses, control of surface and concealed condensation, and ventilation of houses. Illustrates the various types of condensation problems that may occur, explains the active processes involved in some of these problems and discusses in detail the principal factors surrounding these phenomena i.e. sources of moisture, choice of construction detail, and current ventilation practice.
For more than two years a series of detailed air infiltration measurements have been conducted over the complete yearly weather cycle on two identical side-by-side test houses in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. These measurements have been part of a broad study of the interaction of air infiltration , indoor air quality and energy in tightly constructed, well-insulated homes. The standard method of collecting air infiltration data throughout the study has been tracer gas decay. Operation of the duct air circulation fans has transformed each house into a single well-mixed cell .
The air infiltration component of house ventilation is calculated and discussed in relation to winter space heat losses and rneasures necessary to control moisture. The airtightness of 80 houses sampled from three major urban areas was inspected for association with location, external cladding materials, and design features such as the shape and complexity of the building envelope. A useful correlation of airtightness with envelope complexity emerged which gives a coarse but useful way of forecasting airtightness from building design information.
Reviews the papers on air infiltration and ventilation research presented at the ASHRAE annual meeting held in Honolulu, Hawaii, in June 1985. The twelve most significant papers on multizone infiltration and air leakage are discussed at length and other infiltration-related papers mentioned. Authors' abstracts for the twelve symposium papers plus seven technical papers are presented.
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