Natural and forced ventilation are directly and indirectly influenced by the pressure distribution around a building. Results of full-scale pressure measurements on a typical Swedish timber house are presented. The rate of air infiltration has been calculated by employing the values obtained from full-scale pressure distribution, air leakage characteristics and temperature differences. The results are compared with the actual ventilation obtained from tracer gas measurements.
Aerodynamic phenomena affecting the ventilation process, such as aerodynamic mixing, generation of secondary and slightly turbulent flows, roof contours, infiltration and convection and their connection with geometric parameters of the object and energy expenditure for ventilation are analysed.
A major pathway for loss of conditioned air in East Tennessee homes with externally located heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is leakage in the ductwork. The average infiltration rate, as measured by Freon-12 trace
As part of an investigation into the influence of a residential weatherization program on indoor air quality and energy efficiency, a multi-pollutant survey of the air inside 50 Wisconsin homes was conducted three times during the heating season
Air infiltration in two well-insulated houses is being investigated to determine its effect on energy use and indoor air quality. The first paper of this series provides a general perspective on the design. This paper reports on the effect on conservation measures taken, including the installation of an air-to-air heat exchanger, on air exchange and energy use. A third paper presents pollutant measurements and modelling results.
The general principles and mechanism of how soil gas infiltrates and carries radon from the foundation bed and subsoil into buildings are discussed. The Swedish Building Research Council has funded experiments and evaluation of cost effective remedial actions. The work has concerned existing dwellings with high concentration of radon, resulting from infiltrating soil gas and/or exhalation from building materials. A review and evaluation is given of experience and results acquired up to the summer of 1984.
A reduction of infiltration and ventilation rates by a mere 1% would reduce annual US energy costs by about 300 million dollars. Infiltration and ventilation activities are an important part of the comprehensive energy conservation research policy of the US Department of Energy. The starting point for this policy is an analysis of how energy is used in buildings, starting with an examination of the buildings themselves. Summarizes US research and future activities.
This paper discusses the situation in the Netherlands with respect to air tightness of dwellings and reflects discussions about this in the Dutch Standard Committee on Air Tightness of Buildings. Results of measurements and calculations are given and the considerations of different groups in thediscussion are included. Finally an attempt is made to produce a model for the prediction of air flow rates, infiltration losses and seasonal gas consumption on the basis of air leakage measurements.
Discusses the effects of air infiltration and air change rate on temperature and humidity of indoor air. Attempts to quantify the relationship between surface temperature, thermal bridges, thermal resistance and indoor climate.
Windbreaks probably are more important for reducing infiltration of cold outside air into houses than for reducing convective heat losses. It is difficult to estimate the magnitude of tree effects on energy use for space conditioning on a year-round basis, but past studies suggest that trees have the potential to reduce winter fuel consumption by 10-25%. Describes several studies of trees as windbreaks and for summer shade. Discusses location of trees with respect to buildings.
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