Investigates the effects of five different ventilation strategies on the annual energy consumption for heating and warm water of residential (family) homes. The strategies are: (1) natural ventilation, (2) mechanical ventilation and three forms of exhaust plants. Uses weather data from Portland, Oregon and Great Falls, Montana as examples of very different climatic conditions and heating/cooling requirements. The University of Wisconsin TRNSYS program was used for numerical simulation.
The use of heating and ventilation was measured in several flats to find the relationship between the two. Measurements were taken in 9 flats in a 6-storey block in Berlin, with various types of ventilation system. Two flats remained uninhabited to serve as a comparison. The duration of the opening of windows of the individual rooms lastd on average up to 15 hours per day during the whole heating period. The tenants' own evaluation of the duration of airing differed immensely from this result.
The air exchange rate and total heat loss were measured in 11 detached dwellings to find the relationship between measured and calculated transmission heat loss factors based on standard Norwegian calculation methods. For 9 houses the measurements were done under stable climatic conditions. Air change rate varied between 0.2 and 0.7 ach with an average value of 0.45 ach. These measurements, together with several others, confirm that the Norwegian Standard (NS3031) for calculation of the transmission heat losses is reasonably correct.
Effects of a coniferous windbreak on electrical energy use in a 66-unit mobile home park in central Pennsylvania were studied during the winters of 1981-82 and 1982-83.
This paper examines the excess ventilation losses arising from window opening behaviour by occupants and using data from a number of sources relates these losses to the outside air temperature. These excess ventilation losses alter the shape of the total heat loss predictions and bring these more into line with the energy consumptions measured. Excessive ventilation by open windows is shown to negate the benefits of increased fabric insulation.
Describes four ventilation options for a 3-4 person dwelling of 100-140 m2 living area. These are: a simple transverse system conforming to State (Land) building regulations, a shaft system conforming to Standard DIN 18017 (old design), a central heat recovery based system conforming to Standard VDI 2088, and a central heat recovery/heat pump system. Presents the energy balances of the four systems with the aid of energy flow diagrams.
The Alberta Home Heating Facility has been used over a five year period to attempt to understand the effects of retrofit procedures on the house structure as a whole. The percentage of total energy attributable toinfiltration is calculated, and the influence of furnaces on natural infiltration rates is discussed. Results of blower tests are given for the six modules and compared with measured infiltration rates.
Measured energy consumption figures are presented for a townhouse complex located in Regina, Saskatchewan. The complex consists of 8 two-storey wood frame structures incorporating low energy design principles and some passive solar features.
Two bi-level houses in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, of identical design and construction were studied to determine the relationships among air exchange, energy consumption, and indoor pollutants. The experimental house was retrofitted and equip
Measurements were carried out on the heating and airing habits of the occupants of several flats. 9 flats in a 6 storey building in Berlin, using various ventilation systems were studied. Two of the flats also had an air heating system.
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