This presentation deals with the problem of achieving stable microclimate in old buildings ofSt Petersburg - such as churches, museums and palaces. Characteristic traits of such buildingsare rather thick envelops which as a rule accumulate large quantities of heat or cold. Themajority of these buildings are equipped only with central water heating and are naturallyventilated.Experimental study of microclimate in buildings of this kind proves that during cold season(with average temperature -10C) the relative humidity there will be about 30-35% and less.
The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stand-alone modular airpurification systems in improving air quality in dental practices and certain hospital andlaboratory environments. As air pollutant make-up and concentration may vary significantlyin different indoor enviromnents, the air cleaning technologies utilised should be optimisedfor the pollutants targeted in a particular environment. Reduction of mercury vapours andformaldehyde were examined because of their importance for indoor air quality in dentalpractices.
Emissions from dust collected in air filters have been investigated using in situ and chambermeasurements. Two air filters (class F6 and F8/9) were exposed to outdoor air for a period ofsix months, after which measurements were carried out during continuous and intermittentoperation. Air samples were taken upstream and downstream of the filters and analysed forseveral substances, including VOCS, formaldehyde, microbial VOCS (MVOC), vital microorganisms,ergosterol and endotoxin.
The role of indoor plants as a source of microorganisms was studied in six office rooms.Concentrations of microorganisms (both fungi and actinomycetes) were determined fromindoor air and settled dust before the plants were placed in the office rooms and afterwardswith the plants in the rooms.
Based on concerns about indoor air quality and trends towards tighter envelope construction,there has been increasing interest in mechanical ventilation of residential buildings in the UnitedStates. This paper reports on a situation study of indoor air quality, ventilation and energyimpacts of several mechanical ventilation approaches in a single-family residential building Thestudy focuses on a two-story house in the northwestern United States and employs themultizone airflow and contaminant dispersal model CONTAM96.
Parametric studies have often been used for sensitivity analyses in the field of the pharmaceuticaland agricultural sector. All such studies aims at bringing some kind of order out of complicatedrelationships between influencing factors and some response parameter(s). With experimentaldesigns and statistical analysis methods, it is possible to trace and quantify influencesof individual as well as combinations of input factors on the response parameter. Thisprocedure has so far very seldom been used within the building sector.
The greater availability of information and telecommunication technologies and the trend towards flexible working practices allow the home and the workplace to coexist. Many studies mainly emphasize economic and social consequences of teleworking. However, there is no assessment of energy and indoor climate impact of teleworking at home. Furthermore a professional activity is usually not envisaged at home, and home is not built according to the same building design process as offices. Consequently, teleworking at home raises new questions about the evolution of dwellings.
Indoor and outdoor concentrations of various pollutants were measured in a naturally ventilated building in the West End of Edinburgh during and after the period of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) to assess the effect upon indoor pollution levels of the closure of some streets in the city. The relationships between indoor and outdoor air qualities in respect of traffic-generated pollutants were studied and the building's relative attenuation of external pollution levels investigated.
Since the beginning of this decade, natural ventilation in office buildings is receiving specific interest. There are two sorts of application. Natural ventilation can be a strategy for indoor air quality control. Besides it can be used as night ventilation during warm or hot periods. In this case the objective is to cool down the thermal mass and improve the thermal summer comfort. The EC JOULE NatVent project wanted to identify the barriers to the application of natural ventilation in office-type buildings in moderate and cold climates and to provide solutions.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in partnership with the NationalAssociation of Energy Service Companies (NAESCO) is demonstrating an approach whichintegrates indoor air quality (IAQ) improvements into energy efficiency upgrades provided toschools using performance contracts. Capital costs of energy-related improvements arefinanced, then repaid from utility and maintenance savings realized as a result of newequipment, systems, and controls. In five public schools in various climate zones across theU.
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