This paper reports the results of thermal comfort and indoor air quality measurements aboard aircraft from 43 flights on commercial airlines with a duration of more than 1 h. The measurements were performed continuously during the whole flight (from the departure gate to the arrival gate), and the parameters monitored were temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. The results were then compared with the ASHRAE Standards for the thermal comfort (ASHRAE Standard 55-92) and indoor air quality (ASHRAE Standard 62-89).
Many significant ASHRAE papers devoted to hospital ventilation have been published. In contrast, literature regarding ventilation in nursing facilities is rare. Nursing facilities are distinctly different from hospitals. This article provides some insight and guidance toward the design for such facilities.
A large number of the studies have indicated that chemical indoor air pollution has become an important environmental factor which influences the population's health. Nitrogenmonoxide and nitrogen dioxide are mainly produced by combustion at high temperatures and are formed by reactions between nitrogen and oxygen. Both nitrogen in the fuel and nitrogen in the air participate in reaction, NO is further oxidized and transferred into N02 in the atmosphere. Nitrogen dioxide is the most toxic of the nitrogen oxides and is the most important from view-point of health.
Source/sink models of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from building materials are reviewed and a multi-zone ventilation model is developed to predict concentrations of contaminants in rooms. The source model based on the principles of mass transfer and fluid flow presented by Zhang et al. (1995, 1996) is integrated into the multi-zone ventilation model. The characteristics of the parameters related to voc concentration, i.e. Schmidt number, ventilation rate and air velocity at the free stream are investigated by the sensitivity analysis.
This paper discusses the development and application of standards of performance (SOPs) for HVAC&R equipment, plumbing systems, and building envelope systems in relation to maintaining acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ) in buildings. The utilization of the SOP procedure, developed in ASHRAE Research Project 853, will aid in the proper operation of systems and verify that acceptable building IAQ levels are obtained.
One basic goal of the commissioning process is to make sure that the HVA C system is functioning as intended. In particular, it is intended that the HVAC system not only provide adequate ventilation for the building occupants but also achieve adequate pressurization of the occupied spaces to prevent the infiltration of unconditioned air. One technique for evaluating the performance of the HVAC system in these areas is to use continual, multipoint monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and dew point at selected locations in the building and the HVAC system.
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