English

Entertainment clubs, nightclubs, theaters, restaurants, and coliseums, with their highly variable occupancy rate, are excellent candidates for demand-controlled ventilation. The dynamic thermal requirements of both heating and cooling, coupled with the need to control indoor air quality because of the large number of patrons who also may be smoking during the highest occupancy, provide an opportunity to integrate the temperature controls with an indoor air quality control system.

As the sensible heat gain or cooling load are decreased by using thick thermal insulation in a building, the need for dehumidification increases. Especially in Kushiro, it is rather cool and humid in summer because of its foggy weather. In this study, two types of dehumidification systems were developed and their performances were examined. The first is a heat-recovery type, which uses a cooling coil and a sensible heat exchanger. The second is a moisture-absorbent type, which uses heating and cooling coils and an absorbent.

Although most new houses in the Hokuriku region are equipped with air conditioners, some people living in farmhouses still feel that cross ventilation is more desirable. Comparative measurements were made between a new house and a farmhouse. Simplified simulations were also carried out to clarify the effects of thermal insulation and earth floors on cross ventilation in summer. The role of thermal insulation in hot and humid regions is different from that in cold regions, where there is a large difference between outside and inside air temperatures.

Thick insulation in buildings offers great potential not only for decreasing cooling load but also for changing its calculation method, and for changing system design, operation or control of the system and the thermal environment of the room. The research results of room air temperature changes in well-insulated buildings, show the effects of the daily swing of outdoor temperature and solar radiation are quite small. A simple calculation method for cooling load based on steady state theories is available for such buildings.

Laboratory hoods are designed to capture contaminants generated in the laboratory and discharge them outside. In many laboratories this results in several fan systems. To provide a convenient location for maintenance to service the fans, the fans are often located in penthouses. Good design of laboratory ventilation requires that the duct be negative in occupied spaces. However. it is not possible to design a fan room or penthouse with the duct negative downstream of the fan.

This paper presents a method for the dynamic numerical analysis in calculating the thermal environment in the atrium space of an institution for the elderly. The analysis is carried out and using BASIC. In Kushiro, it is very foggy, cool and highly humid in Summer. On the other hand, it has little snow with clear skies while still being cold in Winter. In Winter, the atrium space is heated by satisfactory solar radiation in the daytime, so outdoor air flowing into the atrium space is warmed .

This paper presents a new technology for capture and containment testing in commercial kitchen ventilation research. It is called large-scale focusing schlieren system and offers a nonintrusive approach to effluent flow observation. Schlieren systems can be added to conventional kitchen ventilation research laboratories or other hood testing facilities and allow continuous observation of a large area around a hood-appliance setup.

As part of a recent ASHRAE research project (781-RP), a thermal sensation prediction tool has been developed. This paper introduces the tool, describes the component thermal sensation models, and presents examples of how the tool can be used in practice. Since the main end product of the HVAC industry is the comfort of occupants indoors, tools for predicting occupant thermal response can be an important asset to designers of indoor climate control systems. The software tool presented in this paper incorporates several existing models for predicting occupant comfort.