English

In this study, I surveyed household energy consumption and related indicators in various western andAsian countries. In the western countries, household energy consumption shows a trend towardsaturation, but in the Asian countries it is likely that household energy consumption will continue to rise.In rural areas of Asia, especially because the energy infrastructure has not yet been completed, theremay also be, on the positive side, opportunities to encourage acquisition of innovative energy systems.

The concentration of CO2 was measured during driving the automobile and during standing. VOCsconcentration was measured during standing. Two ventilation modes were prepared; 1) all fresh airmode and 2) all re-circulation mode in the car compartment. The windows of the automobile werealways closed during this measurement. The ventilation rate and the airchange rate were determinedby the concentration of CO2.

Ventilation radiators, heat emitters where cold ventilation air is brought directly from outdoors into theroom via heated radiator surfaces, are becoming more and more common in Scandinavia. Becausethese systems combine both heating and ventilation several interesting aspects arise that may be usedto save energy and improve indoor thermal climate. The heating aspects in wintertime have beendiscussed in previous papers from KTH STH.

Since the primary due period of 2008-2012 of the Kyoto Protocol Target Year is close at hand, specificmeasures for the prevention of global warming should be implemented in all areas. This paper outlinesthe energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission trends in the residential and commercialsectors in Japan. The paper presents the projections of CO2 emissions until 2050. The projectionsindicated that if the various energy conservation measures were implemented, up to 59% of reductionin CO2 emissions against the 1990 level can be achieved.

In order to facilitate rational development on the efficient new ventilation system with new detectorsagainst the health problems caused by VOC in residential buildings, authors studied to clarify the actualIAQ conditions around occupied area. To grasp the contemporary circumstances andtransfer-mechanisms of VOC in houses, the actual data regarding the pollutants and its movementwere collected in 9 detached houses in Tochigi prefecture. In this paper, investigated results for indoorthermal environment, ventilation and indoor chemical pollutants are described.

In the past ten years, there have been intense developments in the application of energy savings inbuildings and high technology glass invented mainly for architectural faades and skylights in all overthe regions of the world. The complexity of skylight use in buildings for obtaining day lighting is alwayscrucial related to energy savings matter with the climatic nature in every region of the world, specificallyin the tropical zone of Surabaya city of Indonesia.This paper is written mainly to the intention of the world crisis energies and the green architecturedomain.

While various VOCs are known to show neurotoxic effects, the detailed mechanisms of VOCs onautonomic nervous system have not been fully understood partly because objective and quantitativemeasures to indicate neural abnormalities are still under development. Nevertheless, heart ratevariability (HRV) has been recently proposed as an indicative measure of the autonomic defect. In thisstudy, we used HRV as an indicative measure of the autonomic defect to relate their values to thepersonal concentrations of VOCs measured by a real-time VOC monitor.

In this paper, experiments and simulations for moisture buffering of the gypsum boards is described.The small chamber (4.62 m3) installed the gypsum board on the interior surface was used for theexperiments. This chamber was located in a climate chamber. The ambient condition of the smallchamber was controlled at constant temperature and humidity. In the experiment for the relationshipbetween moisture buffering and ventilation rate, three cases of ventilation rate, i.e. no ventilation, 1.01/h and 5.0 1/h, were investigated.

For energy conservation and good Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), it is crucial to improve Outdoor Air Quality(OAQ). For achieving good OAQ in urban areas, wind flow patterns among buildings should beimproved as well.In this paper, effects of building layout on outdoor thermal climate and air quality are investigatednumerically. In addition to the environment around pedestrians, enthalpy of outdoor air introduced intobuildings and its air quality are examined from the standpoint of IAQ.

This research describes the effects of injecting rigid polyurethane foam into walls and fitting doubleglazing or inner panes to sash windows as simple renovation methods for houses, based onestimations of CO2 emissions from heating/cooling and LCCO2 (Life Cycle CO2). We estimated CO2emissions and LCCO2 up to 2020 in Japan and obtained the following results.(1) Injecting rigid polyurethane foam into walls in detached houses, where there is little thermalinsulation, reduces the LCCO2 significantly.