English

This paper describes a series of field measurements investigating the ventilation rates and indoor airquality in four newly built secondary schools in England. In these schools each with a differentventilation strategy - measurements and calculations were performed to determine the variation inventilation rates during the school day. All the schools were assessed for compliance with the recentlyadopted Building Bulletin 101 which defines the set of criteria in relation to the ventilation rates andindoor air quality in new school buildings.

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ), subjective satisfaction of occupants and energy conservation ofbuildings are usually determined separately. Since the energy crisis in 1973, engineers haveendeavored to implement energy conservation in buildings. Unfortunately, the effort resulted in energysavings without the fundamental delivery of indoor satisfaction in many cases. It is worthwhile todetermine a balance strategy between the potential energy saving and occupants satisfaction inworkplaces.

This study aims at investigating the actual conditions of indoor environment in schools in order to obtainfundamental information for proper ventilation design for buildings. Indoor environment of two newelementary schools in Tohoku district of Japan was investigated for a week in the winter of 2005.Temperature and humidity, concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), ventilation airflow rates,concentrations of chemical substances, and the opening condition of the windows and doors weremeasured and recorded in the three classrooms of each school.

The ordinary displacement ventilation system (DV) needs large installation spaces for large supplydiffusers with lower supply air velocity to avoid the draft discomfort at the foot level, and large supply airvolume to control allowable vertical temperature gradient within the occupied zone. Furthermore, theDV is difficult to heat without other warming means in the winter. The swirling induction type HVACsystem (SWIT) was developed as utilizing a compact air diffuser increasing the induction function bymeans of swirling air jets.

In North America, there are ~140 million homes and 4 million public buildings. More than one fifth of theenergy use in Canada is used to condition air whether from the cold in much of Canada or providecooling and heating where summers are hot and humid and winters are cold. To reduce greenhousegases and improve housing affordability, this energy use needs to be reduced. In 1981, the Federal andProvincial governments understood that science was needed to inform building codes in relation tooccupant health.

The necessity of promoting sustainable buildings is discussed in this paper from the viewpoint of theassessment of building environment performance. As the building sector generates hugeenvironmental loads, it is urgent to improve energy and resource efficiency in buildings. The concept ofEco-efficiency is introduced as a tool for evaluating the environmental efficiency of buildings.

As a part of our research on energy conservation and thermal comfort of detached houses havingcentralized HVAC systems, study with numerical simulation techniques was started. The model is thehouse that has mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation systems with a centralized air duct equippedwith a sensible heat exchanger and has large return air (4 times an hour). The parameters in thesimulation are the set point temperature and outdoor air flow rate.

There are materials and instruments which can be various pollution sources of indoor air quality in aroom. Recently, volatile organic compounds are paid attention as one of main air pollution sources.There are a lot of pollutants in a room else VOCs, therefore it is important to make a comprehensiveassessment of indoor air. We prepared to measure multi-component of indoor air quality. In this report,we described measured results that we measured the Multi-Components of indoor air quality at mainpublic facilities in Sapporo and Nagoya cities.

The avoidance of mould growth in dwellings is of worldwide concern. In England and Wales, therelevant Building Regulations guidance document recommends ventilation provisions to control bothmoisture and other pollutants in buildings. The performance criterion for moisture states that thereshould be no visible mould on external walls in a properly heated dwelling with typical moistureproduction.

The air quality in laboratories has a profound affect on occupant health and safety. Reducing the timeof exposure and the amount of contaminant can improve the occupant environment and have directimpact on health and safety. In this study, a novel ventilation system which introduces benchexhausts is proposed. The system offers the potential for application in new and existing researchlaboratories to effectively remove airborne contaminants at the bench using a technology that is costeffective and efficient.