Since our earth has finite material resources and biological capacity, human must live within thecarrying capacity on the earth.As we exceed the carrying capacity of the earths ecosystem over thetime they stressed, then go into decline and finally collapse. They are expanded further than renewed.The construction and operation of built environment contribute to the environmental loads. Those whodesign and purchase building have little or no methods to asses the environmental impact of theiractions.
To reduce the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde emitted frombuilding materials and furnishings, it has been suggested that new buildings undergo a bake-out.According to the existing studies [3, 4], ventilation during a bake-out is believed to be essential forreducing the concentration of indoor air pollutants. For a practical use of bake-out, several ventilationstrategies such as natural and mechanical ventilation can be considered.
This paper first introduces the concept of “exergy”, which quantifies what is consumed by any working systems from man-made systems such as heat engines to biological systems including human body. “Exergy” balance equation for a system can be derived by c
A distributed energy system in Kitakyushu Science and Research Park (KSRP) has been introduced since April 2001. In this paper, the system’s running situation was analyzed by using the recorded data in 2003. Generating electricity, heat recovery efficienc
A study from 2005-2007 has been undertaken of 18 ‘low-energy’ dwellings in Milton Keynes, UK, originally monitored for temperature and energy consumption from 1989-1991. Results were compared under standardized daily external conditions of 5ºC. The follow
A floor heating, so called ‘Ondol’, is widely used in korea, and it has been known that Ondol provids good thermal environment. [1] However, the impact sound through floor is great and ventilation rate depends on infiltration in rooms where the Ondol is a
Measurements of indoor pollutants have been performed in 50 residences in Athens. The concentration of CO2, CO, TVOC’s and PM2.5, PM10 has been measured. The ventilation rate in the dwellings has been calculated using continuous measurements of the CO2 co
European Directive for Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) was approved in the beginning of2003. The transition period is 3-6 years depending of the article. European StandardisationOrganisation (CEN) has drafted several standards to help the member countries implementing thedirective. One of these is the Criteria for the indoor environment including thermal, indoor air quality(ventilation) light and noise. The standard specifies design values of indoor environment, values to beused in energy calculations, and methods how to verify the specified indoor environment in thebuildings.
From the beginning of 2006 all new European buildings (residential, commercial, industrial etc.) musthave an energy declaration based on the calculated energy performance of the building, includingheating, ventilating, cooling and lighting systems. This energy declaration must refer to the primaryenergy or CO2 emissions. The European Organization for Standardization (CEN) has prepared aseries of standards for energy performance calculations for buildings and systems.This paper presents related standards for heating systems.
Indoor thermal environment is much affected by characteristics of an equipped heating system. Suchthermal environmental factors as temperature, air velocity, radiant temperature and their distributionscan influence the thermal sensation and the energy consumption of a heating system.
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