English

Three dimensional simulation of flow and material dispersion processes inside the enclosuresof machine tools opens up perspectives of assessment not by far achievable experimentally.Visualisations of these processes in terms of velocity and directions, temperature and pressureallow for an in-depth understanding of the processes and their consequences in view of a reductionof emitted metal-working fluid aerosols. This is demonstrated by one example fromthe machine tool laboratory (Werkzeugmaschinenlabor, WZL) at the University of Aachen(Rheinisch-Westflische Technische Hochschule, RWTH).

This paper presents design considerations of ventilation and indoor environmental quality(IEQ) for a control center. Raised access floors are extensively used to provide flexibilitiesfor control cables and wires required by a control center. Underfloor air distribution system(UFAD) is more practice and economical than an overhead mixing system. It improvesindoor ventilation effectiveness due to the air stratification of thermal plume, and it provides abetter indoor environment for the equipment and occupied people.

This text contains attainments from indoor climate and air conditioning equipment monitoringin clean rooms in the public health service. The editor is designer of HVAC systems inthe modern hospital near Brno in the Czech Republic. The text includes the experiences fromthe design phase as well as from the function the hospital. Monitoring of the HVAC systemsenables during 2 years operation efficiency evaluation of heat recovery system from waste air.We are able to evaluate its economy effect. And benefit of heat recovery system depends ofcourse of outdoor climatic conditions.

The principles behind a new design of isolation room are set out. The process ofvalidating the design is described using a range of physical modelling techniques. ACFD model was also constructed and compared to the basic operational mode.Characterisation of the internal airflow patterns was used to assess the level of mixingunder steady state conditions. The techniques were extended to cover the response ofthe design to various challenges such as door opening. There are two reasons forusing an isolation room the patient is a source of infection and the patient is at riskfrom infection.

This paper discusses a methodology to support the performance assessment of ventilationsystems of operating rooms (ORs), with a further focus on the application of numericalsimulation tools in this design assessment. The performance based design should providegood information quality that advises the needs and expectation of the stake holders. Themethods consist of literature review, the development of an information matrix to assessventilation systems of ORs, and two case studies that will elucidate the approach and verifyits applicability.

A novel ventilation system which introduces bench exhausts and radiant cooling panels isproposed. The benefits of using bench exhausts and radiant cooling panel system in removingheat from equipment intensive laboratory are quantitatively evaluated using CFD simulations.This study resulted in a recommendation for a ventilation strategy using a combination of ceilingexhausts, bench exhausts and ceiling radiant cooling panels that appears to give the best thermalcondition and energy saving in the laboratory.

Laboratory facilities are known as significant energy consumers. High ventilation rates arerequired for providing safe and comfortable environment as well as optimum operation of theequipment. Air from laboratories involving chemical activity is exhausted to the outdoors andshould be replaced by outside air. Recirculation is not considered a good practice with regard tosafety. Protection of the outside surroundings is an additional environmental challenge.

This paper discusses the impact of different air distribution strategies on infection control inoperating rooms. The quality of air in an operating room is primarily assessed with regard tohow effective the air distribution strategy is in minimizing the possibility of airborne particlescausing infection to the patient. The ASHRAE Research Transaction paper titled,"Comparison of Operating Room Ventilation Systems in the Protection of Surgical Sites" [1],is reviewed as a starting point.

The main target of this research project was to find technical and industrial hygienic solutionsfor small car body repair shops to reduce worker's exposure to chemicals during the paintingprocess. Worker's exposure to isocyanates and solvents was measured during painting withportable instruments in five car body shops of different ventilation and occupational hygienelevels. Ventilation performance was studied as well. Concentrations of isocyanates were highin the painter's breathing zone when solventbasedpaints were sprayed.

Ventilated ceiling system is an energy-saving replacement ventilation system for maintainingcomfortable working environment in kitchens. The technology was introduced fromGermany, but there have been no clearly determined relationships between their designs in anelectric kitchen and the ventilation design standards and no established design methods.