Improved insulation of domestic buildings has resulted in ventilation heat loss forming a large part of the total heat loss. Estimates show that energy consumption in the Federal Republic of Germany could be reduced by ventilating design methods eg by economical ventilating systems suitably adapted to theheating installations. A number of technical facilities exist for the utilisation of this potential, which at the same time maintain the necessary requirements for indoor climate.
In future, high altitude correction factors will be considered in computing the ventilation heat load in high rise buildings. The algorithms necessary for the calculation are deducted and stated by the author.
Reviews literature and presents annotated bibliographies for indoor air quality, indoor air pollution health effects and residential air infiltration. Analyzes air infiltration data, and describes factors related to the house itself, the behaviour of residents and the microenvironment surrounding thehouse. Discusses future trends of infiltration rates.
The Heimdal project concludes that airtight houses can be built. Measurement results from 11 detached houses indicate an average leakage factor of 0.9. Building regulations in Norway require a value below 4 and NBI's field investigations indicate that there have been problems in complying with this requirement. The results from the trial houses have been achieved through the implementation of available methods but construction on site has been carefully planned and executed.
Air leakage tests (using the fan pressurisation method) were conducted on four schools, before and after they were retrofitted, in order to determine the effectiveness of various measures for reducing leakage. Caulking wall joints will generally reduce air leakage and is worthwhile if the joints are accessible. Replacing leaky windows will also improve airtightness but may not be cost effective. Routine inspection of outside dampers of the air handling system can help ensure continued airtightness of schools.
Describes the computerized instrumented residential audit (CIRA), a collection of building energy analysis programs designed for a wide variety of microcomputers. Covers methods and type of input, and types of output produced.
Reports the results of an experimental assessment of the effect of a chimney on the air leakage characteristic of an unoccupied two-storey detached house heated by either gas or electric furnace. Measurements were taken of air tightness values and air infiltration rates with the chimney capped anduncapped.
Describes an analytical model used to study the effects of air supply rates on the dynamics of an occupied space as related to energy consumption and occupant's comfort. Reviews the concept of Air Diffusion Performance Criteria (ADPI) and uses it to derive air movement control strategies to reduce energy consumption in buildings. Discusses the relationship between the air movement control strategies and passive thermal control strategies for energy efficient buildings.
Compares the air change rates measured using the decay method with several different tracer gases. Tracer gas measurements were conducted in a tightly sealed room where constant air leakage rates were maintained using an exhaust fan. Tracer gases investigated were CH4, CO, CO2, N2O and SF6. Agreement between tracer gas measurements and measured flow rates of the exhaust fan was very good for CH4, CO and N2O. The agreement was also satisfactory for CO2 and SF6, but the scatter in tracer gas data was much greater then it was for the other three gases.
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