Improved insulation of domestic buildings has resulted in ventilation heat loss forming a large part of the total heat loss. Estimates show that energy consumption in the Federal Republic of Germany could be reduced by ventilating design methods eg by economical ventilating systems suitably adapted to theheating installations. A number of technical facilities exist for the utilisation of this potential, which at the same time maintain the necessary requirements for indoor climate.
Describes "house doctoring", a combination energy audit and energy-saving retrofit procedure developed at LBL and Princeton University. House doctoring analyzes areas of energy loss, and locates and eliminates air infiltration sites by using special diagnostic equipment, such as the "blower door" forpressurisation tests. The first part of the manual provides an introduction and overview of house doctoring, including the nature of heat loss in buildings and the tools and techniques used to reduce it.
Gives a detailed description of 3 types of external shutters that were designed for 3 of 6 proto-type low energy houses at Hjortekaer Denmark. Seals were made, and shown to be efficient by measurements of infiltration air change rates and results from pressurization tests. Verifies the thermal performance of the shutters by thermal calibration, and finds a good agreement between the measured and calculated heat losses. This forms a basis for an estimate of the annual energy savings obtained by the use of shutters - about 800-2000 Kwh/y.
Outlines project where 25 representative dwellings from Birmingham Local Authority Housing stocks were monitored before and after energy retrofitting. Findings are presented as a set of case studies encompassing both fabric and infiltration measures. Suggests that simple energy conservation measures are successful but that more sophisticated combinations tend to under-achieve. Ventilation changes in several cases are impaired by increased use of windows and/or permanent ventilation. Where these effects are'nt operating, reductions of between 0.3 - 0.6 ac/hr appear typical.
Describes project on experimental housing of a new type built by Swedish manufacturers employing light, timber construction. Good airtightness and careful work results in the lowest total cost. Investigation shows results of profitability of various investments. Illustrates energy balance for housing discussed.
Surveys the Danish energy-saving program in the Ministry of Housing 1975-1987. Covers grant schemes, energy conserving measures in public and state buildings from 1975, control schemes for heating installations, and building regulations. Includes as an appendix a copy of the 1982 Act on the Reduction of Energy Consumption in Buildings.
Presents space heating and total energy consumption values for a one-year monitoring period for a group of 27 low energy houses in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. These have a number of energy conserving features, including air tightness, controlled ventilation, air-to-air heat exchangers, passive solar heating and high insulation levels. The average space heating energy consumption for the 27 houses was 43.7 Kj/sq.m.DD May 1980-May 1981.The total energy consumption for the houses averaged 365 Mj/sq.m. The space heating energy consumption averaged .228 Mj/sq.m.
Briefly describes the need for air tight houses as an energy conservation measure, and for preventing moisture damage. Shows that very tight houses (0.5 ach/h) with mechanical ventilation function better than houses which have just fulfilled Swedish building requirements, or which have unsuitable ventilation systems. In some cases, condensation has formed on the inside of windows, and individual rooms sometimes receive insufficient ventilation. States that only in sufficiently airtight houses can ventilation be regulated to the required level and efficient heat recovery can function.
Provides a brief summary of Swedish energy policy. Covers current knowledge and research in Sweden concerning low-energy buildings and building services, energy supply, the built environment and heat pumps.
Describes an investigation to see what energy saving can be achieved by the regulation of mechanical ventilation systems in high rise buildings. Measures air leakage in a block of flats, and uses a calculation model to predict the amount of energy lost due to ventilation in various situations. Concludes that the reduction of ventilation has no disadvantageous consequences for the operation of the system, and that the extracted air flow is affected more by incorrect adjustment of extractor vents then by opening windows, regardless of the setting of the ventilator.
Login