Over 200 reports of health hazard evaluations are available of sealed, air-conditioned buildings, requested by occupants who believe their buildings to be hazardous to their health. Describes a computer based building information system developed to extract relevant information about internal environmental measures, disease characteristics and history of occupants, as well as relevant features of the architecture and ventilation conditions of buildings.
Treats laboratory and field investigations indicating the danger to health of non-smokers of inhaling tobacco smoke (passive smoking),to the extent that measures to protect the passive smoker are recommended at 1.5 ppm of carbon monoxide concentration caused by smoking and deemed necessary from 2 ppm. Calculations show that in a state of equilibrium a fresh air supply of 33 m3 per hour and per cigarette smoked is needed to maintain the upper limit of 2 ppm carbon monoxide concentration caused by tobacco smoke.
Notes that there is currently no generally accepted term for the efficiency of a system in terms of pollution removal. Different proposals have been suggested. There is now sufficient factual data to determine the difference inability of different systems to evacuate pollution. This is despite the factthat the requirement for minimum flow is the same for all fan-assisted ventilation. The requirement is also unrelated to whether the system is an extract or push-pull system and where the ventilation devices are positioned.
Reports a survey on both solar and conventional homes in north-eastern New York State. Finds that houses which are more airtight have 3 times the radon levels of conventional houses. The highest 2 levels of radon in the solar homes give doses over 30 yrs that are known to produce lung cancer in 1% of uranium miners. Summer readings in more than one half of the cases are different from winter ones by a factor of 2 or more, so that year-round measurements are necessary for precise dosimetry. The track etching technique is ideally suited for such measurements.
Explores the health implications, external and internal contributions, and the measurement of indoor air pollution including such subjects as sampling and analysis, calibration, time scale and interferences. Outlines the current status of prediction techniques, including areas such as one-compartment models, infiltration estimation, and empirical models. Summarizes the most common control methods. Examines, in detail, the application of modelling techniques to several typical indoor settings, for example, a restaurant, kitchen or a conference room with smokers.
Lists in a table and discusses the chief sources of indoor air pollution. Distinguishes between short term and long term pollution. Provides advice for reducing pollution from various sources. Discusses the minimum permissible fresh air supply rates. Gives recommended humidity values and when, how often and for how long should ventilation be carried out. Recommends 12-15 m3 fresh air per person per hour, with double this rate for physical activity or smoking. States fresh air supply should be monitored to ensure the carbon-dioxide content does not exceed 0.15%.
States that any residential energy-conserving retrofit program should should include an indoor air quality audit. Proposes a basic audit strategy that would minimize the number of actual on-site pollutant measurements. The first step involves compiling an inventory of indoor pollutants (through an owner questionnaire or visual audit) and assessing the amount of pollutant injected into the home from known sources with a narrow emission rate (eg. gas stoves). The second step is to measure the pollutant source strengths of unknown sources, with emission rates that vary widely (eg. radon).
Assesses the indoor air quality at Oakland Gardens Elementary School in New York City under 3 different ventilation rates. Uses a mobile laboratory to monitor air quality in 2 classrooms, a hallway and outdoors. Parameters measured include air exchange rates, particulates, odour perception, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, radon, formaldehyde and total aldehydes. When the ventilation rate is reduced, carbon dioxide concentrations increase significantly, but do not exceed current occupational standards.
Reviews literature and presents annotated bibliographies for indoor air quality, indoor air pollution health effects and residential air infiltration. Analyzes air infiltration data, and describes factors related to the house itself, the behaviour of residents and the microenvironment surrounding thehouse. Discusses future trends of infiltration rates.
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