The ventilation of a large room is often achieved by supplying inlet air from a small side-wall mounted opening. The velocity distribution in a typical room with a small circular inlet opening close to the ceiling is described. The supplied air forms a wall jet below the ceiling which is easy to describe in terms of velocity distribution, entrainment, etc. The jet is deflected at the end wall opposite the supply opening and the resultant flow in the lower part of the room - the occupied zone - has a rather complicated structure.
As airtight houses become more popular across Canada, reduced ventilation rates may lead to poor air quality and high humidity problems in these dwellings. This paper reviews the needs for ventilation, ventilation methods and systems, and current codes and standards, particularly with respect to airtight and energy efficient houses. Current research in Canada is reviewed and considerations for a new ventilation standard are discussed.
The state of practice in Canada, as described in the literature, concerning ventilation, air distribution and air quality in warehouses and light industrial buildings is reviewed. There is little documented field information available. Modelling processes have not been developed which can provide thenecessary detail. Measurement of air flows, both in the field and in models, is difficult. The regulatory environment in Canada allows considerable innovation in developing conservation procedures.
Describes a five month study which measured radon concentration, air exchange (ventilation) rate, weather and radon source parameters in a house near Chicago. Factors influencing radon entry rate were investigated. Discusses the measurements presented, noting some patterns in the data which are hard to explain. Applies two models for radon entry rate to high and low airborne alpha activity at the sump.
The design and calibration of a passive sampler operating according to the diffusion principle and its application to the analysis of indoor air are described. Taking aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons as representative pollutants, it is demonstrated that at constant concentration, the amount of substance trapped by the sampler is a linear function of the time of exposure. An equation is given relating this amount of substance to the mean pollutant concentration. The detection limit is of an order of 300 microgram/(m3.h).
This document reports on analytical work carried out in cooperation among three European laboratories. The purpose of this work was to carry out a first assessment on the performances of passive samplers for organic vapours when used in indoor air pollution monitoring and simultaneously to evaluate theinterlaboratory agreement on low concentration analysis of a variety of volatile organic compounds. Two types of passive samplers were thus exposed in the different facilities and replicate specimens were analysed at each of the three laboratories.
An air sampling and analytical system for formaldehyde measurements based on a solid sampler is described. The samplers were tested on a standard atmosphere in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 mg/m3 dry air.
Concentrates on low energy housing construction in Scandinavia, and Sweden in particular, where typical new detached houses with a floor area of 140 m2 now use less energy for space heating than water heating.
The quantitative determination of formaldehyde in air using the fluorimetric acetylacetone method is described. Known concentrations of formaldehyde were generated and collected in water using absorbers. The sampling rate was 0.5 l/min, and the sampling volumes varied from 2 to 20 l, depending on theconcentration level. Under these conditions the entire sampling and the analytical method were evaluated over a range of 0.2-1.7 mg formaldehyde per m3 of air.
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