Discusses the established principles and rules of air hygiene for animal housing and areas in which guidelines have yet to be devised. The most common pollutants are ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, methane and carbon dioxide. Dust and aerial microbial flora also have to be considered. Ventilation criteria for pigs and poultry and for cattle, sheep and horses are discussed. The current threshold limiting values for noxious gases and inert dust which could be used in the design and operation of livestock buildings are based on studies of humans rather than farm animals.
The objectives of a ventilation system are to provide an aerial environment in which 1, animals' health and productivity can be maintained, 2, the stockman's comfort and health needs are satisfied, and 3, the building and equipment are protected from damage. Criteria for evaluating ventilation include: thecontrol of air temperature and air speed at animal height, the control of relative humidity and prevention of condensation, and the maintenance of tolerable concentrations of gases, dust, and airborne microorganisms.
Measured energy consumption figures are presented for a townhouse complex located in Regina, Saskatchewan. The complex consists of 8 two-storey wood frame structures incorporating low energy design principles and some passive solar features.
Modelling houses as two coupled chambers, namely, the living area and basement, predicts more accurately the total indoor radon source flux from building materials and geology than a one-chamber model in houses with disparate radon concentration
Concentrations of airborne radon ranging from 0.05 to 135 pCi/L were found in houses in Maine. Track-etch cups were placed in five positions for 100 houses to determine integrated average radon concentrations over the period October 1980 - May
The indoor air of 60 residences in and around a Maryland suburb of Washington, DC, was monitored in a pilot study to determine residential radon concentrations. In each residence, a radon grab sample was acquired in the living room, and, if possible, in the basement. Infiltration rates were determined by tracer gas dilution. To help standardize sampling conditions, each home remained closed up for 8 hours prior to sampling and during analysis. Over 60% of the residences sampled showed air infiltration rates below 0.6 air changes per hour.
Particulate and gaseous emissions from indoor combustion appliances.and smoking can elevate the indoor concentrations of various pollutants. Indoor pollutant concentrations resulting from operating one or several combustion appliances, or from sidestream tobacco smoke, were measured in a 27m3 environmental chamber under varying vent ilation rates. The combustion appliances investigated were gas-fired cooking stoves, unvemed kerosene--fi red space heaters, and unvented natural gas-fired space heaters.
Ambient temperature may influence both the emission and the perception of human odour. This paper studies how human odour is perceived at different temperatures.
Results from a two-box model for calculation of tracer gas concentrations in rooms are given and consequences of different definitions of ventilation efficiency are discussed. Results from three different series of experiments are presented.
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